Campylobacter as a Major Foodborne Pathogen: A Review of Its Characteristics, Pathogenesis, Antimicrobial Resistance and Control

Abstract

2004 and García-Sánchez et al. 2018). In the early 1970s, a special filtration method was developed for identification of Campylobacter in veterinary medicine, which allowed Butzler to detect these Campylobacter, mainly Campylobacter jejuni is viewed as one of the most well-known reasons of foodborne bacterial diarrheal sickness in people around the globe. The genus Campylobacter contains 39 species (spp.) and 16 sub spp. Campylobacter is microaerophilic, Gram negative, spiral-shaped rod with characteristic cork screw motility. It is colonizing the digestive system of numerous wild and household animals and birds, particularly chickens. Intestinal colonization brings about transporter/carrier healthy animals. Consequently, the utilization of contaminated meat, especially chicken meat is the primary source of campylobacteriosis in humans and chickens are responsible for an expected 80% of human campylobacter infection. Interestingly, in contrast with the most recent published reviews that cover specific aspects of campylobacter/campylobacteriosis, this review targets the taxonomy, biological characteristics, identification and habitat of Campylobacter spp. Moreover, it discusses the pathogenesis, resistance to antimicrobial agents and public health significance of Campylobacter spp. Finally, it focuses on the phytochemicals as intervention strategies used to reduce Campylobacter spp.in poultry production. ARTICLE INFO

Molecular Detection of Fluoroquinolone Resistance among Multidrug-, Extensively Drug-, and Pan-Drug-Resistant Campylobacter Species in Egypt

“…Since 2005, campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported gastrointestinal infection in humans in the European Union (EU) [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. In developing countries, this disease is hyperendemic, especially in young children and infants [ 4 , 5 ]. The main source of human Campylobacter infection is the consumption of raw or uncooked meat, contaminated water and unpasteurized milk.…”

“…The main source of human Campylobacter infection is the consumption of raw or uncooked meat, contaminated water and unpasteurized milk. Chicken is considered the main reservoir of Campylobacter infections because these bacteria are commensal in their intestinal tracts due to their high body temperature [ 4 , 6 , 7 ].…”

“…Increasingly, a higher incidence of resistant Campylobacter spp. is detected worldwide due to the uncontrolled usage of antimicrobials in livestock breeding and through horizontal transmission in the poultry industry [ 4 , 12 ]. Campylobacter spp.…”

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bovine Mycoplasma Species in Egypt

“…It was pronounced that multiple global crises were emerging because of the extensive spreading of resistant bacteria such as Mycoplasma spp., Klebsilla spp., vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, in addition to zoonotic foodborne bacteria such as Salmonella Typhimurium , Salmonella Enteritdis, and Campylobacter spp. [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. The increase in the antimicrobial resistance rate of bovine Mycoplasma spp.…”

Monitoring of Campylobacter jejuni in a chicken infection model by measuring specific volatile organic compounds and by qPCR

“…Infection with Campylobacter is quite common and causes significant healthcare and societal costs 6 . The infection usually manifests as an acute gastroenteritis 7 , but it can also lead to chronic sequelae, arthritis, haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), inflammatory bowel disease and functional gastrointestinal disorders, and in a severe form to Guillain–Barré syndrome 6 , 7 . The incidence of infections with Campylobacter was estimated as 96 million per year on a global scale 8 , with an incidence of 14.3 infections per 100,000 inhabitants, and an associated cost of $1.7 billion in the United States alone 9 .…”