Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bovine Mycoplasma Species in Egypt

Abstract

Among many bovine Mycoplasma species (spp.), Mycoplasma bovis is recognized as a significant causative agent of respiratory diseases in cattle. In recent years, resistant M. bovis isolates, especially to fluoroquinolones, have been reported globally as a result of the extensive usage of antimicrobials in the treatment of bovine pneumonia. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bovine Mycoplasma spp. isolated from the respiratory tracts of cattle in Egypt and to assess the fluoroquinolones resistance in the recovered mycoplasma isolates via broth microdilution and conventional PCR techniques. Conventional phenotypic methods identified 128 mycoplasma isolates (32%) from 400 different samples, with M. bovis being the predominant spp. (61%), followed by M. bovirhinis (15%). Of note, mycoplasma isolates were rarely isolated from total healthy lung tissues (7/55, 12.7%), but they were frequently isolated from pneumonic lungs (31/45, 68.9%). All the examined mycoplasma isolates (n = 76) were sensitive to tilmicosin, tylosin, tulathromycin, spiramycin, and spectinomycin (100% each), while 60.5% and 43.4% of the examined isolates had high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values to enrofloxacin and doxycycline, respectively. Three and two mycoplasma isolates with high enrofloxacin MICs were confirmed to be M. bovis and M. bovirhinis, respectively, by PCR assays. All molecularly confirmed mycoplasma isolates (n = 5) were positive for the gyrA gene (100%); meanwhile, three isolates (60%) were positive for the parC gene. In conclusion, our findings revealed alarming resistance to enrofloxacin and doxycycline antibiotics; thus, antimicrobial usage must be restricted and molecular techniques can help in the rapid detection of the resistant strains.

Exploring the Interactive Effects of Thymol and Thymoquinone: Moving towards an Enhanced Performance, Gross Margin, Immunity and Aeromonas sobria Resistance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…Lately, there has been a fast development in bacteria resistant to the presently used antibiotics [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], because of the misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals and fish, especially in developing countries [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], that necessitate the usage of novel alternative antibiotics from medicinal plants to control the resistant strains [ 23 , 24 ]. Phytogenics are secondary metabolites of medicinal plants those are produced as a result of plants interaction with their surrounding environment.…”

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION SOME BACTERIAL PATHOGENS CAUSING BOVINE MASTITIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO Mycoplasma bovis

“…According to the E. coli numbering system, Mycoplasma bovis ParC (OP270480.1 M. bovis/ Sah.S.S.par.1) in our investigation displayed amino acid transpositions at positions 2 (Gln to Arg) (CAG >>CGT), 75 (Ile to Ser) (ATT>>AGC), and 79 (Asn to Asp) (AAC>>GAT), while [40] found four potential mutations (Asp79Asn, Ser80Ile, Ser81Pro, and Asp84Asn/Tyr/Val/ Gly). The result of amino acid transpositions at positions 2 (Gln to Arg) in Mycoplasma bovis ParC is the second time to be recorded in Egypt similar to [41] who stated that routine molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing can help in detecting mutation sites As amino acid positions are identified using the traditional E. coli numbering system, the newly proposed Epidemiological Cutoff determents (ECOFF) a single mutation in either GyrA (Ser83) or ParC (Asp79) [40], M. bovis strains were divided into (non-)WT or susceptible/resistant isolates.…”

MbovP0725, a secreted serine/threonine phosphatase, inhibits the host inflammatory response and affects metabolism in Mycoplasma bovis

“…In cattle and beef, Mycoplasma bovis ( M. bovis ) is an important opportunistic pathogen associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) causing a variety of clinical diseases including mastitis, pneumonia, arthritis, otitis media, keratoconjunctivitis, and genital disorders. These diseases have substantial economic implications for the dairy and beef industries, and the use of antibiotic treatment is often ineffective and results in more drug-resistant M. bovis isolates, especially to fluoroquinolones, enrofloxacin, and doxycycline antibiotics ( 2 ).…”