Calibration of Ring Oscillator PUF and TRNG

Martínez-Gómez, Cristina; Baturone, I.

doi:10.1109/ecctd49232.2020.9218444

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The solution proposed in [28] is to subtract the device-population-wide mean frequency of each RO in the pair from the sampled frequency before generating a PUF bit. In [16], a PUF bit response is obtained by comparing the binary counter result of a RO pair with a reference binary word. The work in [29] clusters the ROs into groups and normalizes the frequency of each RO by the frequency of a reference RO or by the mean frequency of all the ROs in the same group.…”

Section: B Ro Pufsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [13], the random behavior of the SRAM bitline discharge rate is used as common principle, harnessing noise for TRNG responses and chip-specific local variations for multibit PUF responses. Solutions based on ROs have also been reported in [14]- [16]. The solution in [14] is not a truly unified design but rather a merge between two different RO structures, one for PUF and the other for TRNG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solution in [14] is not a truly unified design but rather a merge between two different RO structures, one for PUF and the other for TRNG. The solutions in [15] and [16] are unified designs based on RO pairs whose oscillations are counted simultaneously by two counters, until one of them overflows. A weakness of the work in [15] is that the authors explain empirically instead of mathematically the reasons why several bits are suitable for generating true random sequences and others for generating PUF sequences and do not explain how to select the value that fixes overflow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A weakness of the work in [15] is that the authors explain empirically instead of mathematically the reasons why several bits are suitable for generating true random sequences and others for generating PUF sequences and do not explain how to select the value that fixes overflow. The PUF proposed in [16] is not multibit. The multibit PUF and TRNG proposed in [17]- [18] is based on comparing the number of oscillations of pairs of TERO (Transient Effect Ring Oscillator) cells, which are metastable structures composed of two cross-coupled branches that enter a transient oscillating state before reaching a stable state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Unified Multibit PUF and TRNG Based on Ring Oscillators for Secure IoT Devices

Baturone

Román

Corbacho

2023

IEEE Internet Things J.

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Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) are cryptographic primitives very well suited for secure IoT devices. This paper proposes a circuit, named multibit-RO-PUF-TRNG, which offers the advantages of unifying PUF and TRNG in the same design. It is based on counting the oscillations of pairs of ring oscillators (ROs), one of them acting as reference. Once the counter of the reference oscillator reaches a fixed value, the count value of the other RO is employed to provide the TRNG and the multibit PUF response. A mathematical model is presented that supports not only the circuit foundations but also a novel and simple calibration procedure that allows optimizing the selection of the design parameters. Experimental results are illustrated with large datasets from two families of FPGAs with different process nodes (90 nm and 28 nm). These results confirm that the proposed calibration provides TRNG and PUF responses with high quality. The raw TRNG bits do not need post-processing and the PUF bits (even 6 bits per RO) show very small aliasing. In the application context of obfuscating and reconstructing secrets generated by the TRNG, the multibit PUF response, together with the proposal of using error-correcting codes and RO selection adapted to each bit, provide savings of at least 79.38% of the ROs compared to using a unibit PUF without RO selection. The proposal has been implemented as an APB peripheral of a VexRiscv RV32I core to illustrate its use in a secure FPGA-based IoT device.

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Section: B Ro Pufsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Unified Multibit PUF and TRNG Based on Ring Oscillators for Secure IoT Devices

Baturone

Román

Corbacho

2023

IEEE Internet Things J.

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“…In the case of RO-PUFs, they are often based on the small differences in frequency between identical ring oscillators implemented in different locations [9]. In some cases, such as [10], [11], the same RO-based structure can be configured to work both as a PUF and as a TRNG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of Generalized GAROs on FPGAs as PUFs or TRNGs Considering Spatial Correlations

García-Bosque

Díez-Señorans

Sánchez-Azqueta

et al. 2023

IEEE Open J. Ind. Electron. Soc.

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In the last years, guaranteeing the security in IoT communications has become an essential task. In this paper, the bias of a wide set of oscillators has been studied to determine their suitability as both True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) and Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs). For this purpose, a generic configurable structure has been proposed and implemented in an FPGA. With this implementation, by introducing some external signals it is possible to configure the system in different oscillator topologies. This way, we have managed to analyze 2730 oscillators composed by 7 Lookup Tables (LUTs) without having to resynthesize the code each time. The performed analysis has included conventional ring oscillators, Galois ring oscillators and newly proposed oscillator topologies. From this analysis we have concluded that none of these oscillators behave as an ideal TRNG but ring oscillators present the closest to an ideal behavior. Regarding their suitability as PUFs, some of the newly proposed oscillators in this paper present a high reproducibility, higher than that of conventional ring oscillator PUF (RO-PUF) and a high uniqueness. Furthermore, we have noticed that both their reproducibility and their uniqueness tend to improve when increasing the length of the oscillators, which opens the possibility of finding new oscillators with even better properties by studying oscillators of bigger lengths. Finally, by studying the spatial correlation of the bias of these oscillators, we have observed that they present a much lower spatial correlation compared to the ring oscillators, which opens the possibility of using these oscillators in PUF architectures that use more comparisons than typical RO-PUFs.

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True Random Number Generation with the Shift-register Reconvergent-Fanout (SiRF) PUF

Irtija

Tsiropoulou

Minwalla

et al. 2022

2022 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST)

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Calibration of Ring Oscillator PUF and TRNG

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

A Unified Multibit PUF and TRNG Based on Ring Oscillators for Secure IoT Devices

A Unified Multibit PUF and TRNG Based on Ring Oscillators for Secure IoT Devices

Suitability of Generalized GAROs on FPGAs as PUFs or TRNGs Considering Spatial Correlations

True Random Number Generation with the Shift-register Reconvergent-Fanout (SiRF) PUF

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