Calculation of the light intensity distribution reflected by a planar corner-cube retroreflector array with the size of centimeter and above

Wang, Tao; Wang, Wei; Du, Pengfei; Deng, Geng; Kong, Xiang‐He; Gong, Mali

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2013.03.056

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the initial optimization process, the mathematical equation for the intensity distribution of reflected light was entered into the program that is expressed in the measurement value of the intensity sensor. The luminous intensity R I is defined by I(ϕ, a, b, c) at the polar angle of ϕ shown in Equation (5). The target of the optimization process was defined with a value corresponding to the retroreflective light intensity on the retroreflector plane.…”

Section: Optics Design and Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A retroreflector, also called a reflex reflector, can reflect light [1][2][3] back along a vector that is parallel or nearly parallel to but opposite in direction from the light source [4,5], no matter what the incident light angle is [2]. Because of their high tolerance to the direction of incident waves [6], retroreflectors have been used extensively in many applications instead of plane mirrors [2], such as free-space optical communications networks [4], satellites, road signs [7], vehicles [8], and clothing [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of a Society of Automotive Engineers Regular Curved Retroreflector for Enhancing Optical Efficiency and Working Area

Lee

et al. 2018

Crystals

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A highly efficient regular curved retroreflector is proposed to meet the requirements of the US Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) regulations. It is demonstrated that 28% higher retroreflection efficiency and 33% more working area can be accomplished with the new designed retroreflector when compared with the commercial ones used in modern vehicles.Based on pin-bundling technology, the tooling of a reflex reflector mold can be produced, and it can serve as a testing sample or for mass production. In this study, a reflex reflector sample was designed and produced by bundled metal pins for SAE regulations. A curved retroreflector with new cube-corner structure is proposed and demonstrated. By use of genetic algorithms for optimization, the angles and positions of the pins serve as the optimizing parameters to enhance the performance of a curved retroreflector. Compared with conventional retroreflectors, it is found that 28% higher retroreflection efficiency and 33% more working area can be accomplished with our proposed one. effective working area and reflection efficiency are influenced seriously, and that could lead to the retroreflector not complying with SAE regulations [6,16].Based on pin-bundling technology, the tooling of a reflex reflector mold can be produced, and it can serve as a testing sample or for mass production. In this study, a reflex reflector sample was designed and produced by bundled metal pins for SAE regulations. A curved retroreflector with new cube-corner structure is proposed and demonstrated. By use of genetic algorithms for optimization, the angles and positions of the pins serve as the optimizing parameters to enhance the performance of a curved retroreflector. Compared with conventional retroreflectors, it is found that 28% higher retroreflection efficiency and 33% more working area can be accomplished with our proposed one.

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Section: Optics Design and Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Society of Automotive Engineers Regular Curved Retroreflector for Enhancing Optical Efficiency and Working Area

Lee

et al. 2018

Crystals

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“…The transmitter consists of a laser and a receiver. The CCR consists of three mutually perpendicular mirrors [5,6]. The laser beam reflected by the CCR returns along the opposite direction of the light incidence [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peak-Power Instabilities of Laser Pulses Retroreflected by a Corner-Cube Retroreflector at Different Distances

Wang

Wei

et al. 2014

J Russ Laser Res

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In order to obtain the change in the return laser-pulse peak-power instability with the distance between two communication terminals in a free-space optical communication (FSO) asymmetric link, which uses a corner-cube retroreflector (CCR) and a high peak-power pulse laser, we present the peak power instability of laser pulses retroreflected by the CCR at different distances. The CCR bottom surface was a circle with a diameter of 1 in., and three mirrors of the CCR were coated with silver. The weather was cloudy with winds of Category 4. The distances from the transmitter to the CCR were 120, 1,550, 3,900, and 5,240 m. The laser emitted 100 laser pulses with a peak power of 5 MW at each distance. The results of the experiments show that the increase in both absolute and relative peakpower instabilities with the distance is approximately linear. The absolute peak-power instability is more than 58.7 mV and the relative peak-power instability is more than 11.8% if the distance increases 1 km.

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“…2019, 9, 1555 2 of 15 of the flux of incident light to the total flux of the reflected cone [12,15]. Consequently, vehicle signage would be observed to be brighter as its R I value increases [13,16].It is usual for reflex reflectors to have a curved shape; for example, to fit the corner of a vehicle [1][2][3][4][5]17]. Cube-corner structures are, thus, distorted to complete the curve, so that their effective working area and reflection efficiency are affected, thus leading to the retro-reflector being against EU ECE regulations [5,11,17].In this paper, a curved reflex reflector with a new cube-corner structure is proposed and demonstrated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is usual for reflex reflectors to have a curved shape; for example, to fit the corner of a vehicle [1][2][3][4][5]17]. Cube-corner structures are, thus, distorted to complete the curve, so that their effective working area and reflection efficiency are affected, thus leading to the retro-reflector being against EU ECE regulations [5,11,17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of ECE SuperPin Curved Reflex Reflector by the Use of Double Pins with Corner Cubes

Chen

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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A new, highly efficient curved reflex reflector is proposed to meet the requirement of EU ECE (Economic Commission for Europe) regulations based on the commercial design provided by an automotive company which has been in mass production. We used double pins with corner cubes which served as the building element of a SuperPin curved retro-reflector to enhance reflectivity performance. Our experiment outcomes indicated 46% higher retro-reflection efficiency and 33% larger working areas compared with the commercial design.

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Calculation of the light intensity distribution reflected by a planar corner-cube retroreflector array with the size of centimeter and above

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Design of a Society of Automotive Engineers Regular Curved Retroreflector for Enhancing Optical Efficiency and Working Area

Design of a Society of Automotive Engineers Regular Curved Retroreflector for Enhancing Optical Efficiency and Working Area

Peak-Power Instabilities of Laser Pulses Retroreflected by a Corner-Cube Retroreflector at Different Distances

Enhancement of ECE SuperPin Curved Reflex Reflector by the Use of Double Pins with Corner Cubes

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