Design of a Society of Automotive Engineers Regular Curved Retroreflector for Enhancing Optical Efficiency and Working Area

Le, Lanh-Thanh; Le, Hien-Thanh; Lee, Jetter; Ma, Hsin-Yi; Lee, Hsiao-Yi

doi:10.3390/cryst8120450

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…ese coordinates are defined in Figure 8, and the optimization process flowchart is shown in Figure 9. During the optimization process, the optimization object function f was established by a genetic algorithm and is given by [22,27]…”

Section: Design Of Freeform-surfaced Luminairementioning

confidence: 99%

“…e luminaire mounting height, street light spacing, luminaire inclination angle, and road surface properties are essential for ensuring the desired street lighting performance, measured in terms of the average road surface brightness, brightness uniformity, longitudinal brightness uniformity, and threshold increment (glare factor) [1][2][3]20]. Furthermore, though the use of lightemitting diode (LED) technology requires less energy consumption and can provide longer-lasting lighting than conventionally used discharge lamps [21][22][23][24], there remain several disadvantages to the use of LED lights, such as their higher cost, unpredictable lifetime, and excess blue/white glare for human eyes [25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Glare Freeform-Surfaced Street Light Luminaire Optimization to Meet Enhanced Road Lighting Standards

Lee

et al. 2020

International Journal of Optics

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To enhance driving safety at night, a new freeform-surface street light luminaire was proposed and evaluated in this study that meets the requirements of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) M3 class standard for road lighting. The luminaire was designed using simulations to optimize the location of the bulb according to the requirements of the standard. The light source IES file was experimentally obtained for the optimized luminaire prototype with a 150 W ceramic metal halide lamp using an imaging goniophotometer. The trial road lighting simulation results computed by the lighting software DIALux indicated that the proposed luminaire provided an average road surface brightness of 1.1 cd/m2 (compared to a minimum requirement of 1.0 cd/m2), a brightness uniformity of 0.41 (compared to a minimum requirement of 0.4), a longitudinal brightness uniformity of 0.64 (compared to a minimum requirement of 0.6), and a glare factor of 7.6% (compared to a maximum limit of 15%). The findings of the image goniophotometer tests were then confirmed by the results of a certified mirror goniophotometer test conducted by the Taiwan Accreditation Foundation (TAF). The results of this study can be used to provide improved street lighting designs to meet enhanced international standards.

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Section: Design Of Freeform-surfaced Luminairementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Glare Freeform-Surfaced Street Light Luminaire Optimization to Meet Enhanced Road Lighting Standards

Lee

et al. 2020

International Journal of Optics

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“…Due to their high tolerance to the direction of incident waves [10][11][12] retroreflectors have been used extensively in many applications instead of plane mirrors [13]. For instance, regular reflex reflectors [14][15][16], as shown in Figure 1a, can diverge the reflected energy into multiple light beams with equal emitting angle intervals [17][18][19], and these are currently the most commonly used retro-reflecting devices for vehicles [20,21]. In contrast to regular reflex reflectors, SuperPin reflex reflectors not only reflect light beams but also concentrate them to amplify the light intensity of signals for observers, as shown in Figure 1b [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formula of retro-reflected light by (a) the EU Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) regular in ([16],Figure 1), (b) the ECE SuperPin in ([24],Figure 1), and (c) the ECE and US Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) SuperPin Plus reflex reflector, an extension of SuperPin[24].…”

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ECE/SAE Dual Functional SuperPin Plus Curved Reflex Reflector by Use of New Structured Corner Cubes

Chen

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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We propose and demonstrate, using optical experiments, a new reflex reflector structure called SuperPin Plus. The structure is composed of special pin groups with dihedral-angle offsets in corner cubes. One of the specular features brought by this new design is that it can comply with both the US SAE (US Society of Automotive Engineers) standard and the EU ECE (Economic Commission for Europe) standard, so that manufacturing costs of reflex reflector for both European and American automobile markets can be reduced. By using genetic algorithms for optimization, the angles and the positions of the pins, which are the building elements of corner cube reflectors, serve as the parameters to tune up the performance of the SuperPin Plus curved reflex reflector. Compared with conventional ECE flat regular retro-reflectors, we found that not only can we achieve a 41% higher retro-reflection efficiency with the ECE SuperPin Plus flat reflex reflector, but that SuperPin Plus can also act as a reflex reflector within SAE standards. In addition, we demonstrate that the retro-reflection efficiency is 30.5% higher (SAE standard) and 42.7% higher (ECE standard), and that a 32% increase in working area can be achieved if double pin groups are used to construct the corner cubes instead of a single pin arrangement, in a curved SuperPin Plus reflex reflector.

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“…In the fourth paper, Le et al [4] proposes a design of a curved retroreflector for enhancing optical efficiency and working area. By taking the advantages of compact size and high brightness of LED, this designed retroreflector does not only meet the requirements of the US Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) regulations but also can be demonstrated that 28% higher efficiency and 33% more working area.…”

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confidence: 99%

Advanced LED Solid-State Lighting Optics

Sun

Nguyen

2020

Crystals

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Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been intensively studied for white-light lighting since their luminous efficacy exceeds 50 lm/W. Currently, the luminous efficacy of an LED light tube/bulb is almost above 100 lm/W. LED solid-state lighting (SSL) has unequivocally become the major light source in general lighting. The fact of high efficiency and other advantages of LED SSL is enough to penetrate all lighting scenarios. However, what people demand from new-generation lighting is not only in energy efficiency but also in lighting quality. Thus, how to make the lighting more user friendly is one of the important issues, and, here, optics is the key point. For making a collection with the discussions of the novel optical design in enhancing lighting efficiency in a more uniform illumination pattern, in higher sharpness for special lighting, in a higher signal-to-noise ratio for communication, in more functions for new applications, etc., this Special Issue of “Advanced LED Solid-State Lighting Optics” focuses on advanced applications in all aspects.

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Design of a Society of Automotive Engineers Regular Curved Retroreflector for Enhancing Optical Efficiency and Working Area

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Low-Glare Freeform-Surfaced Street Light Luminaire Optimization to Meet Enhanced Road Lighting Standards

Low-Glare Freeform-Surfaced Street Light Luminaire Optimization to Meet Enhanced Road Lighting Standards

ECE/SAE Dual Functional SuperPin Plus Curved Reflex Reflector by Use of New Structured Corner Cubes

Advanced LED Solid-State Lighting Optics

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