Calculation of crack driving forces of surface cracks subjected to rolling/sliding contact

A two-dimensional ordinary state-based peridynamic model for surface fatigue crack propagation in railheads

“…The size of the model is w 1 × h 1 . According to the suggestions in [39], the mesh size should be as fine as possible and the mesh size close to the cracks should be no coarser than 0.1 mm × 0.1 mm. To strike a balance between the computational accuracy and efficiency, this paper selects a small crack propagation zone (w 2 × h 2 ) from the whole model, as shown Fig.…”

“…2, at the two lateral boundaries, there is no longitudinal displacement in the x direction. At the bottom boundary, there is no vertical displacement in the z direction [39]. All the bonds passing through the predefined initial crack are broken [43].…”

Microstructure and wear mechanism of high-strength steels for concrete mixing drum coiled at different temperatures

“…In the subsequent repeated impact, the cracks tend to grow along the direction of energy reduction. The microcracks connect each other and extend to the surface of the material and eventually form flake-like peeling or spalling [32].…”

Selection of the Crack Driving Force Concept in Con Text of Linear-Elastic and Elastic- Plastic Fracture Mechanics

“…Another concept, the previously mentioned J-integral is developed based on deformation theory of plasticity. It has been shown in [2] [15] [16] that a calculated crack driving force based on the deformation theory leads to incorrect results in cyclic loading. The principle difference between the two theories of plasticity is shown in Figure. The plastic strain in the deformation theory of plasticity is described as a function of equivalent strain e j } , which is in effect a description for a non-linear elastic material, see Figure 3a and [1].…”