In this study, we demonstrate that hydrothermally synthesized FeS2 (syn-FeS2) is highly efficient at catalyzing the H2O2 decomposition for alachlor degradation at a wide range of initial pH (3.2-9.2). The alachlor degradation rate of syn-FeS2 heterogeneous Fenton system was almost 55 times that of its commercial pyrite (com-FeS2) counterpart at an initial pH of 6.2. Experimental results revealed that the alachlor oxidation enhancement in the syn-FeS2 Fenton system was attributed to the molecular oxygen activation induced by more surface-bound ferrous ions on syn-FeS2. The molecular oxygen activation process could generate superoxide anions to accelerate the Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle on the syn-FeS2 surface, which favored the H2O2 decomposition to generate more hydroxyl radicals for the alachlor oxidation. It was found that the hydroxyl radicals generation rate constant of syn-FeS2 Fenton system was 71 times that of its com-FeS2 counterpart, and even 1-3 orders of magnitude larger than those of commonly used Fe-bearing heterogeneous catalysts. We detected the alachlor degradation intermediates with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to propose tentatively a possible alachlor degradation pathway. These interesting findings could provide some new insights on the molecular oxygen activation induced by FeS2 minerals and the subsequent heterogeneous Fenton degradation of organic pollutants in the environment.

Pyroptosis is a kind of pro-inflammatory cell death. Compared with autophagy and apoptosis, pyroptosis has unique characteristics in morphology and mechanism. Specifically, pyroptosis is a kind of cell lysis mediated by the Gasdermin family, releases inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. There are three different forms of mechanism, which are caspase-1-mediated, caspase-4/5/11-mediated and caspase-3-mediated. A large number of studies have proved that pyroptosis is closely related to cardiovascular disease. This paper reviewed the recent progress in the related research on pyroptosis and myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion, atherosclerosis, diabetic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, heart failure hypertension and Kawasaki disease. Therefore, we believe that pyroptosis may be a new therapeutic target in the cardiovascular field.

The emergence of big data enables us to evaluate the various human emotions at places from a statistical perspective by applying affective computing. In this study a novel framework for extracting human emotions from large‐scale georeferenced photos at different places is proposed. After the construction of places based on spatial clustering of user‐generated footprints collected from social media websites, online cognitive services are utilized to extract human emotions from facial expressions using state‐of‐the‐art computer vision techniques. Two happiness metrics are defined for measuring the human emotions at different places. To validate the feasibility of the framework, we take 80 tourist attractions around the world as an example and a happiness ranking list of places is generated based on human emotions calculated over 2 million faces detected from greater than 6 million photos. Different kinds of geographical contexts are taken into consideration to find out the relationship between human emotions and environmental factors. Results show that much of the emotional variation at different places can be explained by a few factors such as openness. The research offers insights into integrating human emotions to enrich the understanding of sense of place in geography and in place‐based GIS.

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The dominance of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil water content (SWC) for plant water stress is still under debate. These two variables are strongly coupled and influenced by climatic drivers. The impacts of climatic drivers on the relationships between gross primary production (GPP) and water stress from VPD/SWC and the interaction between VPD and SWC are not fully understood. Here, applying statistical methods and extreme gradient boosting models—Shapley additive explanations framework to eddy‐covariance observations from the global FLUXNET2015 data set, we found that the VPD‐GPP relationship was strongly influenced by climatic interactions and that VPD was more important for plant water stress than SWC across most plant functional types when we removed the effect of main climatic drivers, e.g. air temperature, incoming shortwave radiation and wind speed. However, we found no evidence for a significant influence of elevated CO2 on stress alleviation, possibly because of the short duration of the records (approximately one decade). Additionally, the interactive effect between VPD and SWC differed from their individual effect. When SWC was high, the SHAP interaction value of SWC and VPD on GPP was decreased with increasing VPD, but when SWC was low, the trend was the opposite. Additionally, we revealed a threshold effect for VPD stress on GPP loss; above the threshold value, the stress on GPP was flattened off. Our results have important implications for independently identifying VPD and SWC limitations on plant productivity, which is meaningful for capturing the magnitude of ecosystem responses to water stress in dynamic global vegetation models.

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