Calcium Hydroxide–Based Root Canal Sealers: A Review

Desai, S. V.; Chandler, Nicholas

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2008.11.026

Cited by 165 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The traditional zinc oxide eugenol sealers have been replaced with resin-based, silicone based, MTA based and bioceramic based sealers. In particular, bioceramic-based sealers are gaining popularity because of their alkaline pH, chemical stability within the biological environment, lack of shrinkage and are more biocompatible [8,9].Calcium hydroxide based sealers have been introduced to have both antibacterial action and to stimulate a sterile biological closure of apical region [10]. The limitation of these sealers is that on contact with moisture the setting time is decreased which would result in poor adaptation to canal walls [6].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Stereomicroscopic Dye Leakage Measurement of Six Different Root Canal Sealers

Ballullaya

Vusurumarthi

Jayaprakash

et al. 2017

JCDR

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INTRODUCTIONThe endodontic therapy consists of elimination of bacterial load in the pulpal canal and filling of the entire root canal system three dimensionally. The gutta-percha with the sealer should provide seal both apically and laterally, thus preventing contamination of the root canal [1,2].Incomplete obturation of the root canal accounts for 58% of endodontic failures [3,4]. The incomplete obturation may be because of incomplete instrumentation or improper obturation technique [5]. The sealers used should fill the discrepancies between the canal wall and the gutta-percha; act as a lubricant and aid in seating the gutta-percha cones. The sealers should also fill the patent accessory and lateral canals, entomb the bacteria present within the dentinal tubule and allow for the repair of the periapical tissue [6,7].Recently, there has been improvement in the formulation of root canal sealers. The traditional zinc oxide eugenol sealers have been replaced with resin-based, silicone based, MTA based and bioceramic based sealers. In particular, bioceramic-based sealers are gaining popularity because of their alkaline pH, chemical stability within the biological environment, lack of shrinkage and are more biocompatible [8,9].Calcium hydroxide based sealers have been introduced to have both antibacterial action and to stimulate a sterile biological closure of apical region [10]. The limitation of these sealers is that on contact with moisture the setting time is decreased which would result in poor adaptation to canal walls [6].MTA fillapex, MTA Obtura, Endo-CPM sealer and ProRoot Endo sealer are the most commonly available MTA based sealers. These sealers are reported to have good biocompatibility and sealing properties equivalent to epoxy-based root canal sealer or the pulp canal sealer. When in contact with simulated body fluids, MTA based sealers release calcium and encourage the deposition of apatite crystals [10,11].EndoREZ (Ultradent Products Inc, South Jordan, UT) is a dualcured radiopaque urethane dimethacrylate based sealer that is used with resin coated gutta-percha. This system does not employ dentin adhesives and relies on penetration of hydrophilic resins into the dentin tubules after removal of smear layer. Recently, the bond strength and apical seal of the endorez sealer was improved using dual cured self-etching primer/adhesives [12]. The Endorez system has been shown to have satisfactory sealing ability and an easy delivery system [13].Endosequence BC sealer and iRootSP root canal sealer are bioceramic based root canal sealers which are available as a premixed white hydraulic cement paste and usually contain calcium silicate and/or calcium phosphate [14].The most common technique for evaluating the sealing ability of the root canal sealer is the dye penetration technique which is based on the linear measurement of the dye penetration between the root filling and the canal wall. The study aimed at evaluating the sealing ability of zinc-oxide eugenol, Sealapex, AH plus, EndoRez, MTA Plus and Endosequ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereomicroscopic Dye Leakage Measurement of Six Different Root Canal Sealers

Ballullaya

Vusurumarthi

Jayaprakash

et al. 2017

JCDR

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“…The ability of the epoxy resin to seal and the biocompatibility of calcium hydroxide have been proven in vitro (6)(7)(8) and have shown good results in vivo (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L929 cell response to root perforation repair cements: an in vitro cytotoxicity assay

Miranda¹,

Fidel

Boller

2009

Braz. Dent. J.

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This study compared the cytotoxicity of an experimental epoxy-resin and calcium hydroxide-based cement (MBPc), gray mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) using the agar overlay method with neutral red dye. L929 cells were seeded into 6-well culture plates where 48-h set test materials were placed on the agar overlay, in triplicate. Teflon and natural rubber served as negative and positive controls. After an incubation period of 24 h at 37ºC in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO 2 in air, a discolored area around the samples and the positive controls could be observed and measured per quadrant. The mean values were compared and converted into grades to classify the results according to the table of cytotoxicity grades according to the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil. The nonviable cell areas and the morphological changes in the cells were observed with an inverted microscope. The results showed grade 1 (slight) for the two types of MTA (p>0.05) and grade 2 (mild) for the MBPc (p<0.001). All samples met the requirements of the test as none of the cultures showed reactivity higher than grade 2.

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“…The setting reactions of calcium hydroxide-based sealers are complex because even if its outer surface becomes hard, the inner mass may remain soft in an extended period. 8 In this study, the stainless-steel rings were used instead of extracted tooth because it would be difficult to obtain a standardized root canal length and diameter. Furthermore, the stainless-steel rings are stable and they are not affected by the dissolving effect of the chloroform.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Dissolving Effect of Chloroform on Three Root Canal Sealers: An In Vitro Study

et al. 2017

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the dissolving effect of chloroform on AH 26 (resin-based root canal sealer), Endofill (zinc oxide eugenol-based root canal sealer) and Sealapax (calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealer). Many previous literatures have compared the solubility of several solvents towards gutta percha but very few on endodontic sealers.Methods: The materials used in this experiment apart from the three endodontic sealers are 30 standardized stainless-steel rings, microscopic glass slide, chloroform, acetone, and three decimal digital weighing scales. Thirty standardized stainless steel rings 8mm in diameter and 3mm in height were used for the preparation of sealer specimens and were randomly divided into three experimental groups of ten rings each. Each sealer was then mixed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and introduced into the stainless-steel rings and was weighed to obtain the initial weight. Each sealer was weighed again after immersion in chloroform. The amount of sealer lost was the difference between this measurement and the original weight of the sealer. The results were tabulated and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: The ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences existed between the groups. The post-hoc (Bonferroni) test showed that AH26 had significantly greater dissolution than Sealapex. However, there were no significant differences in dissolution between AH26 vs. Endofill and Sealapex vs. Endofill.Conclusion: According to the methodology proposed and based on the results of this study, it may be concluded that AH26 presented the highest dissolution value.

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Calcium Hydroxide–Based Root Canal Sealers: A Review

Cited by 165 publications

References 90 publications

Stereomicroscopic Dye Leakage Measurement of Six Different Root Canal Sealers

Stereomicroscopic Dye Leakage Measurement of Six Different Root Canal Sealers

L929 cell response to root perforation repair cements: an in vitro cytotoxicity assay

Evaluation of Dissolving Effect of Chloroform on Three Root Canal Sealers: An In Vitro Study

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