Stereomicroscopic Dye Leakage Measurement of Six Different Root Canal Sealers

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONThe endodontic therapy consists of elimination of bacterial load in the pulpal canal and filling of the entire root canal system three dimensionally. The gutta-percha with the sealer should provide seal both apically and laterally, thus preventing contamination of the root canal [1,2].Incomplete obturation of the root canal accounts for 58% of endodontic failures [3,4]. The incomplete obturation may be because of incomplete instrumentation or improper obturation technique [5]. The sealers used should fill the discrepancies between the canal wall and the gutta-percha; act as a lubricant and aid in seating the gutta-percha cones. The sealers should also fill the patent accessory and lateral canals, entomb the bacteria present within the dentinal tubule and allow for the repair of the periapical tissue [6,7].Recently, there has been improvement in the formulation of root canal sealers. The traditional zinc oxide eugenol sealers have been replaced with resin-based, silicone based, MTA based and bioceramic based sealers. In particular, bioceramic-based sealers are gaining popularity because of their alkaline pH, chemical stability within the biological environment, lack of shrinkage and are more biocompatible [8,9].Calcium hydroxide based sealers have been introduced to have both antibacterial action and to stimulate a sterile biological closure of apical region [10]. The limitation of these sealers is that on contact with moisture the setting time is decreased which would result in poor adaptation to canal walls [6].MTA fillapex, MTA Obtura, Endo-CPM sealer and ProRoot Endo sealer are the most commonly available MTA based sealers. These sealers are reported to have good biocompatibility and sealing properties equivalent to epoxy-based root canal sealer or the pulp canal sealer. When in contact with simulated body fluids, MTA based sealers release calcium and encourage the deposition of apatite crystals [10,11].EndoREZ (Ultradent Products Inc, South Jordan, UT) is a dualcured radiopaque urethane dimethacrylate based sealer that is used with resin coated gutta-percha. This system does not employ dentin adhesives and relies on penetration of hydrophilic resins into the dentin tubules after removal of smear layer. Recently, the bond strength and apical seal of the endorez sealer was improved using dual cured self-etching primer/adhesives [12]. The Endorez system has been shown to have satisfactory sealing ability and an easy delivery system [13].Endosequence BC sealer and iRootSP root canal sealer are bioceramic based root canal sealers which are available as a premixed white hydraulic cement paste and usually contain calcium silicate and/or calcium phosphate [14].The most common technique for evaluating the sealing ability of the root canal sealer is the dye penetration technique which is based on the linear measurement of the dye penetration between the root filling and the canal wall. The study aimed at evaluating the sealing ability of zinc-oxide eugenol, Sealapex, AH plus, EndoRez, MTA Plus and Endosequ...

Calcium silicate-based root canal sealers: a literature review

“…In the evaluation of dye leakage, each root is immersed in freshly prepared 1% methylene blue dye for 72 hours after canal obturation. Roots are sectioned longitudinally and scored by the depth of dye penetration [ 36 37 ].…”

“…Overall, conventional epoxy resin-based sealers show similar or significantly lower leakage than calcium silicate-based sealers. However, in some leakage studies using the dye penetration method, the leakage of conventional resin-based sealers was significantly higher than that of calcium silicate-based sealers [ 36 37 ]. Furthermore, the leakage of calcium silicate sealers and conventional resin sealers may change over time.…”

Physical Properties, Antimicrobial Activity and In Vivo Tissue Response to Apexit Plus

“…The use of endodontic sealers with antibacterial activity has been effective in the clearance of persistent microorganisms [1] favoring periapical tissue repair [2]. Calcium hydroxide releases hydroxyl ion, providing an alkaline pH and exerting an antibacterial effect followed by periapical tissue repair [3,4]. Among several calcium hydroxide-based root canal filling materials, Sealapex (Sybron Endo, Glendora, CA, USA) is considered biocompatible [5].…”

“…The base paste of this endodontic sealer contains calcium oxide, bismuth 2 of 17 trioxide, zinc oxide, sub-micron silica, zinc stearate, titanium dioxide, and tricalcium phosphate. Its catalyst paste is constituted by blend, ethyl toluene sulfonamide, poly (methylene methyl salicylate) resin, and isobutyl salicylate [3]. Sealapex stimulates the deposition of calcified structure, inducing apical sealing after root canal treatment [5].…”

Efficacy of prototype endodontic obturators for novel root canal obturation techniques using a resin-based sealer in various powder-liquid ratios

“…Researchers have used several methods to evaluate the sealing ability of the root canal filling materials, such as glucose leakage tests [27], fluid transport methods [28], bacterial leakage tests [29], and dye penetration tests [30]. Image analyses using microcomputed tomography and optical microscopy have also been used for quantitative analyses [31].…”