Calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor expression in healthy and inflamed human pulp tissue

Abstract

CGRP receptor expression in human pulp tissue is significantly increased during inflammatory phenomena such as acute irreversible pulpitis.

Neuropeptides in Dental Pulp: The Silent Protagonists

“…Moreover, it has been reported that CGRP stimulates cyclic adenosine monophosphate in osteoblast cell lines and inhibits bone resorption in vitro, confirming the presence of CGRP receptor in bone tissue that signals via cyclic adenosine monophosphate synthesis (47,48). A radioreceptor analysis for comparing CGRP receptor expression in human pulp tissue samples collected from teeth having a clinical diagnosis of acute irreversible pulpitis, healthy pulps, and teeth with induced inflammation demonstrated that CGRP receptor expression in human pulps is significantly greater during clinical inflammatory phenomena (44).…”

“…The existence of high-affinity binding sites for CGRP has been reported in the brain, as well as in various peripheral organs such as heart, liver, spleen, skeletal muscle, lung, and the dental pulp (42)(43)(44). There are 2 known types of CGRP receptors, CGRP1 and CGRP2, which have been identified on the basis of pharmacologic responses to selective agonists and antagonists and subsequently identified by molecular methods.…”

“…Both SP and CGRP are released from terminals of pulpal nociceptors consisting of unmyelinated C fibers and thinly myelinated A-delta fibers (92). Other studies have demonstrated the appropriate receptors for these neuropeptides are found in dental pulp (34,44). SP and CGRP are potent vasodilators in the dental pulp, whereas NKA has a much smaller effect on pulpal blood flow (93).…”

Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Receptor Expression in Alternatively Activated Monocytes/Macrophages During Irreversible Pulpitis

“…Once CGRP has been released, it binds to its receptor, and a biologic response begins where it could act as neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, local hormone, and inflammation mediator (4). When pulp tissue is irritated, C-fiber excitation causes CGRP release; this phenomenon has been demonstrated to be associated with inflammation in human pulp tissue (5)(6)(7). This neuropeptide also interacts with different immunoregulator cell populations such as macrophages, modulating their function and inducing release of inflammatory mediators including cytokines, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes, which could have either proinflammatory or noninflammatory effects (5,7,8).…”

Pulp nerve fibers distribution of human carious teeth: An immunohistochemical study

“…Such vascular reactions are an essential part of the inflammatory reaction and are also necessary to satisfy the nutritional needs related to the increased metabolic activity in connection with tissue repair and healing. 16,17 Pulp has ability to produce reparative dentin beneath a carious lesion as a mechanism for limiting the diffusion of toxic substances to the pulp. 18 This study showed that the areas beneath the reparative dentin showed fewer number of PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity than normal.…”