Caffeine. A critical review of contemporary scientific literature

Abstract

Caffeine is a secondary metabolite extensively studied for its stimulatory properties and presumed association with specific pathologies. This alkaloid is typically consumed through coffee, tea, and other plant products but is also an additive in many medications and confectionaries. Nonetheless, despite its worldwide consumption and acceptance, there is controversial evidence as to whether its effects on the central nervous system should be interpreted as stimulatory or as an addiction in which typical withdrawal effects are canceled out with its daily consumption. The following discussion is the product of an extensive review of current scientific literature, which aims to describe the most salient topics associated with caffeine's purpose in nature, biosynthesis, metabolism, physiological effects, toxicity, extraction, industrial use and current plant breeding approaches for the development of new caffeine deficient varieties as a more economical option to the industrially decaffeinated coffees currently available to caffeine intolerant consumers. Keywords: biosynthesis, decaffeination, extraction, metabolism, physiological effects, plant breeding.

FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SEDIAAN SERUM EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI KOPI HIJAU (Coffea canephora pierre)

“…Kopi memiliki kelarutan yang buruk, dimana kelarutannya semakin meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan suhu (Portillo et al,. 2022), maka sediaan yang paling baik untuk meningkatkan kelarutan bahan adalah serum, karena serum dapat menghantarkan senyawa aktif secara cepat dan efektif ke dalam kulit (Gite, 2023).…”