Caffeic Acid and Ferulic Acid Inhibit UVA‐Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase‐1 through Regulation of Antioxidant Defense System in Keratinocyte HaCaT Cells

Abstract

Ultraviolet A (UVA) plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of premature skin aging through keratinocyte cytotoxicity and degradation of collagen, a main component of the extracellular matrix providing structural support. Oxidative stress caused by UVA irradiation can mediate induction of matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1), a major enzyme responsible for collagen damage. Protection against UV-mediated disturbance of antioxidant defense system has been proposed as a possible mechanism by which botanical compounds slow down skin aging process. This study therefore aimed to assess inhibitory effects of caffeic acid (CA) and ferulic acid (FA), powerful plant-based phenolic antioxidants, on UVA-induced cytotoxicity and MMP-1 activity and mRNA level through modulation of antioxidant defense mechanism in immortalized human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Pretreatment of the cells with CA or FA prior to UVA irradiation inhibited cytotoxicity, induction of MMP-1 activity and mRNA and oxidant formation. Moreover, CA and FA were able to up-regulate glutathione (GSH) content, γ-glutamate cysteine ligase (γ-GCL) mRNA as well as activities and mRNA expression of catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in irradiated cells. In conclusion, CA and FA provided protective effects on UVA-mediated MMP-1 induction in HaCaT cells possibly through restoration of antioxidant defense system at the cellular and molecular level.

Walnuts (Seeds of <b><i>Juglandis</i></b> <b><i>sinensis</i></b> L.) Protect Human Epidermal Keratinocytes against UVB-Induced Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis through Upregulation of ROS Elimination Pathways

“…In this study, the JSE used here contained high amounts of phenolic compounds (total phenolic content 249.42 ± 0.52 μg/ml in 1 mg/ml JSE) and 1.00% caffeic acid as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Previous studies have reported that caffeic acid has antioxidant effects in the skin [27]. In this study, caffeic acid showed higher protective effects than chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, and ferulic acid (online suppl.…”

Antioxidant Properties of Ferulic Acid and Its Possible Application

“…Also, the level of endogenous antioxidants, glutathione and catalase, declined less and restored faster in the probe with ferulic acid. The antioxidant tested proved to be effective not only for its free radical scavenging capacity but also for its protective effect on the intracellular antioxidant system [18]. Bian and partners [24] have demonstrated a high efficacy of ferulic acid in the prevention of H 2 O 2 -induced damage in human embryonic kidney cells.…”

“…Ferulic acid exhibits protective antioxidant properties, relative to various skin structures and skin cells. Pluemsamran and partners [18] proved that human endothelial cells and keratinocytes are much less susceptible to UVA-induced free radical damage when exposed to ferulic acid prior to irradiation. It is believed that fibroblasts are exposed to UVA, and the oxidative stress associated with it is greater than that of the more superficially exposed keratinocytes.…”

ObtainingAntioxidants from Botanic Matrices Applying Novel Extraction Techniques

“…The use of this phytochemical for the protection against disturbances of the antioxidant defense system has been tested as the possible mechanis m whereby botanic compounds slow down the skin aging process. Pretreatment of skin cells with caffeic acid prior UVA (ultrav iolet A) irradiat ion inhibits cytotoxicity, induction of metalloprotease-1 (enzy me responsible for the damage caused on collagen) and free radicalsgeneration [22].…”