Ferulic acid has low toxicity and possesses many physiological functions (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial activity, anticancer, and antidiabetic effect). It has been widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industry. Ferulic acid is a free radical scavenger, but also an inhibitor of enzymes that catalyze free radical generation and an enhancer of scavenger enzyme activity. Ferulic acid has a protective role for the main skin structures: keratinocytes, fibroblasts, collagen, elastin. It inhibits melanogenesis, enhances angiogenesis, and accelerates wound healing. It is widely applied in skin care formulations as a photoprotective agent, delayer of skin photoaging processes, and brightening component. Nonetheless, its use is limited by its tendency to be rapidly oxidized.

Skin microneedling accelerates the process of skin regeneration through the creation of numerous microinjuries which emerge when skin is deeply punctured with very thin needles. The whole procedure evokes various reactions which can be divided into three major phases: inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. It activates platelet growth factors which are responsible for the stimulation of fibroblasts to produce collagen and elastin. Moreover, skin breakdown enhances penetration of active ingredients. Treatment can be performed with the use of different devices, all equipped with needles of various lengths. Due to the fact that skin microneedling stimulates the synthesis of significant rebuilding and structural skin elements (collagen, elastin, proteoglycan), it is used in the treatment of many skin defects of different etiologies (e.g., photoaging, wrinkles, loss of elasticity, hypo‐ or hypertrophic scars, pigmentation changes, infraorbital dark circles, teleangiectasia, stretch marks, cellulite, alopecia, and vitiligo). In order to accelerate postsurgical regeneration and/or to enhance effects, microneedling is combined with the application of UV light (photodynamic therapy with ALA), LED light, platelet‐rich plasma, chemical peels, stem cells, retinoids and other pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. High effectiveness, limited number of side effects, and short recovery time, make skin microneedling a popular cosmetic, and medical treatment.

Background: Laxity and rhytides are manifestations of photodamage on the face and chest. Nonablative radiofrequency (RF) is one of the most common procedures used for skin rejuvenation.Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the elasticity of face and chest skin after multipolar radiofrequency.Patients/Methods: Thirty women, aged 43-68, were included in the study. Twenty women were postmenopausal and 10 were premenopausal. They received 4 treatment sessions with an application of nonablative radiofrequency in 2-week intervals.Biomechanical properties of the skin were measured with the use of a Cutometer. Results:The objective evaluation in a cutometric analysis showed a statistically significant improvement between measurements taken in the pretreatment period and 3 months after the treatment. Conclusions:The study is an objective confirmation that RF treatment improves skin elasticity. The method may appear to be beneficial for women of any age and skin types. It is a noninvasive treatment with a low risk of complications. K E Y W O R D S chest rejuvenation, face rejuvenation, nonablative radiofrequency 1 | BACKGROUND Aging of the face, neck, and chest (décolletage) is a multifactorial process caused by the cumulative effects of intrinsic and environmental factors. It results in wrinkles, skin laxity, dyschromia, teleangiectasias, atrophy, and roughness of the epidermis. The growing demand to maintain a youthful appearance has led to an increase in the number of dermatological and surgical procedures aiming at delaying the process of skin aging. Advances in understanding skin biology have led to the development of many skin rejuvenation technologies, but there is an increased interest in nonablative treatment which tend to have minimal downtime and almost no complications. One such method is radiofrequency (RF). A RF device generates heat by transferring electrical energy, in the form of electromagnetic waves, from the electric field of the RF device to electrically charged particles in the tissue. 1 The heat leads to thermal damage of the collagen by breaking some cross-links, making the triple helix structure unwind. Some collagen fibers undergo denaturation, but then neocollagenesis occurs, increasing dermal thickness. Remodeling of collagen bundles and formation of new collagen lasts for months after the treatment. 2-6 Zelickson et al 2 showed increased expression of messenger RNA for collagen type 1 after RF treatment on abdomen skin. Kaplan and Gat 3 noted an induction of new collagen synthesis (focal thickening of collagen fibers) in skin biopsies done after the RF therapy. Several types of RF devices are available on the esthetic market.Among the most common are monopolar, bipolar, multipolar, and fractional bipolar ones. A monopolar RF device has only one active electrode, which remains in contact with the skin, and one grounding