Cafestol and Kahweol: A Review on Their Bioactivities and Pharmacological Properties

Ren, Yaqi; Wang, Chunlan; Xu, Jiakun; Wang, Shuaiyu

doi:10.3390/ijms20174238

Cited by 106 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…Cafestol and kahweol are mainly present as fatty esters in unfiltered coffee, and are both found in low concentrations in the filtered preparation. Filtered coffee is the most widely consumed form in Central Europe and the United States [ 20 ]. Despite that, a clinical trial found that paper-filtered coffee protects humans against oxidative DNA damage [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coffee Consumption and Its Inverse Relationship with Gastric Cancer: An Ecological Study

et al. 2020

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Coffee is the second most popular drink worldwide, and it has various components with antioxidant and antitumor properties. Due to its chemical composition, it could act as an antitumor substance in the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between coffee consumption and the incidence/mortality of stomach cancer in the highest-consuming countries. An ecological study using Spearman's correlation coefficient was performed. The WorldAtlas's dataset of coffee consumption and the incidence/mortality rates database of the International Agency for Research were used as sources of information. A total of 25 countries were entered to the study. There was an inverse linear correlation between coffee consumption in kg per person per year and estimated age-adjusted incidence (r = 0.5984, p = 0.0016) and mortality (r = 0.5877, p = 0.0020) of stomach cancer. Coffee may potentially have beneficial effects on the incidence and mortality of stomach cancer, as supported by the data from each country analyzed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coffee Consumption and Its Inverse Relationship with Gastric Cancer: An Ecological Study

et al. 2020

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“…The purine alkaloid caffeine and chlorogenic acids are considered the main bioactive compounds of coffee, along with cafestol and kahweol pentacyclic diterpenes, trigonelline and melanoidins [35,36]. Thus, besides phytocannabinoids, their content in investigated hemp coffee was also investigated.…”

Section: Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acids Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cup of Hemp Coffee by Moka Pot from Southern Italy: An UHPLC-HRMS Investigation

Piccolella

Crescente

Formato

et al. 2020

Foods

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After a long period defined by prohibition of hemp production, this crop has been recently re-evaluated in various industrial sectors. Until now, inflorescences have been considered a processing by-product, not useful for the food industry, and their disposal also represents an economic problem for farmers. The objects of the present work are coffee blends enriched with shredded inflorescences of different cultivars of industrial hemp that underwent solid/liquid extraction into the Italian “moka” coffee maker. The obtained coffee drinks were analyzed by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) tools for their quali-quantitative phytocannabinoid profiles. The results showed that they are minor constituents compared to chlorogenic acids and caffeine in all samples. In particular, cannabidiolic acid was the most abundant among phytocannabinoids, followed by tetrahydrocannabinolic acid. Neither Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) nor cannabinol, its main oxidation product, were detected. The percentage of total THC never exceeded 0.04%, corresponding to 0.4 mg/kg, far below the current maximum limits imposed by the Italian Ministry of Health. This study opens up a new concrete possibility to exploit hemp processing by-products in order to obtain drinks with high added value and paves the way for further in vitro and in vivo investigations aimed at promoting their benefits for human health.

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“…Kahweol is a natural diterpene extracted from coffee beans that has antioxidant effects in the liver [16]. Specifically, kahweol regulates intracellular levels of ROS by increasing Nrf2 expression [21,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kahweol activates the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by decreasing Keap1 expression independently of p62 and autophagy pathways

Seo

Lee

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Kahweol is a diterpene found in coffee beans and unfiltered coffee drinks. Several studies have demonstrated that kahweol induces the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2/ hemeoxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway; however, the mechanisms involved are currently unknown. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) is a major regulator of Nrf2 expression and is degraded mostly by autophagy. The p62 protein enhances binding to Keap1 and contributes to the activation of Nrf2. Here, we examined the role of Keap1 regulation in the effect of kahweol on the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in hepatocytes. In AML12 cells and primary mouse hepatocytes, kahweol increased the levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein without increasing expression of the Nrf2 mRNA. In addition, kahweol reduced Keap1 protein levels significantly without decreasing Keap1 mRNA levels. Although regulation of the Keap1-Nrf2pathway by p62-dependent autophagy is well known, we confirmed here that the reduction of Keap1 protein levels by kahweol does not involve p62-dependent autophagy degradation or ubiquitination. In conclusion, kahweol increases the expression of Nrf2 in hepatocytes by inhibiting translation of the Keap1 mRNA.

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Cafestol and Kahweol: A Review on Their Bioactivities and Pharmacological Properties

Cited by 106 publications

References 93 publications

Coffee Consumption and Its Inverse Relationship with Gastric Cancer: An Ecological Study

Coffee Consumption and Its Inverse Relationship with Gastric Cancer: An Ecological Study

A Cup of Hemp Coffee by Moka Pot from Southern Italy: An UHPLC-HRMS Investigation

Kahweol activates the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by decreasing Keap1 expression independently of p62 and autophagy pathways

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