Cadmium and lead in bovine milk in the mining area of the Caudal River (Spain)

González-Montaña, José Ramiro; Senís, Enrique; Gutiérrez, Abner; Prieto, Felipe

doi:10.1007/s10661-011-2241-1

Cited by 43 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In this research, Pb concentration in raw cow's milk, was higher than the permissible limit in most of the sampling areas. These results are in agreement with others considering areas near contamination sources, such as roads (Simsek et al, 2000;Perween, 2015), mining areas (Giri et al, 2011;Gonzalez-Montaña et al, 2012), coalfired power plants (Gonzalez-Montaña et al, 2012;Tunegová et al, 2016) dumps, metropolitan areas and industrial units (Simsek et al, 2000;Swarup et al, 2005;Patra et al, 2008;Hyseni and Musaj, 2014;Perween, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Lead and cadmium levels in raw bovine milk and dietary risk assessment in areas near petroleum extraction industries

Norouzirad

González-Montaña

Martínez‐Pastor

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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Oil fields are a source of heavy metal pollution, but few studies have evaluated its impact on the intake of these contaminants through milk, an important food especially for children. From February 2015 to 2016, 118 samples of raw cow's milk, 14 of fodder and 8 of water in Southwest Iran were collected from farms close to oil fields or related industries. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels were evaluated by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean±SE in milk and fodder were 47.0±3.9 and 54.0±6.9μg/kg for Pb, and 4.7±1.0 and 3.5±1.3μg/kg for Cd. No Pb or Cd was detected in water. Most milk samples (82.2%) for Pb were above the permissible limits (20μg/kg). Exposure to Pb and Cd from milk consumption was calculated in two scenarios: mean and maximum exposure for the age range of 2-90years. The intake of an average Iranian adult (25years, 60kg b. w., 0.14kg milk/day) would be 6.6μg Pb and 0.66μg Cd/day (WI of 46.2 and 4.6μg, respectively), well below the risk values proposed by some international organizations, even in the maximum exposure scenario. However, Pb exposure for infants and toddlers may be closer to the risk values, since milk and milk products could be the main contributor to Cd and Pb, and small children consume 2-3 times more food than adults relative to their body weight. The risk of Pb and Cd exposure through milk close to oil fields should be considered and a monitoring plan for these contaminants is strongly recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Lead and cadmium levels in raw bovine milk and dietary risk assessment in areas near petroleum extraction industries

Norouzirad

González-Montaña

Martínez‐Pastor

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The presence of heavy metals in cow's milk may be attributed to contamination due to exposure of lactating cow to environmental pollution or consumption of contaminated feeding stuffs and water [6]. Therefore, determination of the heavy metals residual levels in milk could be indicator of the degree of pollution of the environment where the milk was produced [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination of Cow Milk by Heavy Metals in Serbia

Davidov

Kovačević

Strojanovic

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Dairy cows are exposed to numerous environmental hazards, such as heavy metals. Milk and dairy products could be harmful to humans when maximum tolerable amounts of heavy metals are exceeded. Analysis of heavy metals in milk is important because milk is a source of essential nutrients and is an indicator of environmental contamination. Some heavy metals are essential to maintain proper metabolic activity in living organisms, but at exceeded levels they could be toxic to living organisms. The main objective of the present study was to determine the residue levels of ten heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in cow milk in Serbia. Materials, Methods & Results:The experiment was conducted at three farms at Vojvodina district, Serbia. Cows from all three farms were on pasture during spring and summer time. Randomly 50 cows from each farm were taken for this experiment. The cows have similar body condition score they were in their third or fourth lactation and gave approximately the same amount of milk in the previous lactation. Total 150 milk samples were collected from cows during the morning milking, in the period between April to May in 2016. All 150 milk samples were transported to laboratory as soon as possible and analyzed for the heavy metals. Heavy metals were analyzed by Inductance coupled plasma -optical emission spectrometry. Data are presented as mean values ± sd. Statistical analysis was done by one way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. The highest average concentration in cow milk was determined for Iron (283.9 mg/kg), then for Zinc (60.21 mg/kg) and Copper (4.404 mg/kg), while the lowest concentration was for Cobalt and Lead (less than 0.005 mg/kg). Discussion: Bioaccumulation is one of the biggest problems with heavy metals. Heavy metals residues in milk can be very dangerous for the calves and humans as well. The existence of trace elements and heavy metals in dairy products and milk has been recorded in various countries since it is considered as one of the most dangerous aspects of food contamination. The presence of heavy metals in cow's milk may be attributed to contamination due to exposure of lactating cow to environmental pollution or consumption of contaminated feeding stuffs and water. Heavy metals after intake in cow organism distributed to all organs and glands such as udder. By that, secretory udder tissue gets intoxicated with heavy metals and after that they can be found in milk. After analyses the results in this experiment the highest average concentration of Fe in cow milk it might be because cows were fed with hay from pasture rich in iron between April to May. Some researchers found the amounts of Cu in the milk of individual varied from 0.2 to 0.8 mg/kg. Contrary to this finding, in current study the average value of Cu in cow milk was 4.404 mg/kg. It is found that the highest concentration of Zn in cow milk is 10.75 mg/kg, lower compare to result in current study (60.21 mg/kg). Arsenic (As...

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“…Occurrence of the residual concentrations of metals in milk could be considered an important "direct indicator" of the hygienic quality of the milk, as well as an "indirect indicator" of contamination of the environment in which the milk was produced (Licata et al 2004;González-Montaña et al 2012). Heavy metals are known for their wide industrial application that is why their potential toxicity to people and animals is the subject of several studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of toxic metals and essential elements in raw cow milk from areas with potentially undisturbed and highly disturbed environment in Slovakia

Pšenková

Toman

Tančin

2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Dietary composition and husbandry practices largely determine the essential trace element status and the toxic metal exposure of livestock and consequently their concentrations in animal products. The main objective of this study was to determine the real contamination of selected areas of Slovakia compared with existing Environmental regionalization of the Slovak Republic (SR) created by the Ministry of the Environment SR. Another aim of this study was to determine the content of essential and toxic metals in feed and milk of dairy cows on selected farms in Slovakia referred to the suitability of the use of milk from these areas to other food processing. This article deals with the analysis of the content of selected elements in feed and milk of dairy cows in the area of Novoť (Northern Slovakia; area with undisturbed environment) and Čečejovce (Eastern Slovakia; highly disturbed environment). Eleven elements have been analyzed (essential elements: calcium, zinc, magnesium, selenium, iron, copper; toxic elements: arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, nickel). Samples of feed and milk were collected five times during the spring season and five times during the autumn season in 2016. Analysis of samples was performed in Eurofins Bel/Novamann (Nové Zámky, Slovak Republic). Analyses were performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and atomic emission spectrometry. The obtained values of the individual elements in the feed and milk were evaluated by Student's t test. Significantly higher contents of essential elements Ca, Zn, Fe, Mg, and Cu were found in the feed of dairy cows in Čečejovce (P < 0.001). Significantly higher (P < 0.001) As and Ni content in feed in Čečejovce in autumn season was also recorded. However, the content of these elements in feed did not affect their milk content. The content of Ca, Zn, and Mg in milk was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in Novoť in both investigated seasons. Some essential elements and toxic elements in feed and milk were below the LOQ (limit of quantification). Reduced content of Ca and Zn in milk in both farms compared with optimal limits, decreased Ca and Mg content in feed in Novoť, and a significant increase of Ca and Mg in feed in Čečejovce in autumn season were found. It can be concluded, due to the low content of toxic elements on these farms, that the use of milk of dairy cows from these areas for direct use or for dairy product processing is appropriate and poses no health risk to the consumers.

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Cadmium and lead in bovine milk in the mining area of the Caudal River (Spain)

Cited by 43 publications

References 22 publications

Lead and cadmium levels in raw bovine milk and dietary risk assessment in areas near petroleum extraction industries

Lead and cadmium levels in raw bovine milk and dietary risk assessment in areas near petroleum extraction industries

Contamination of Cow Milk by Heavy Metals in Serbia

Concentrations of toxic metals and essential elements in raw cow milk from areas with potentially undisturbed and highly disturbed environment in Slovakia

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