Cadmium affects toxicokinetics of pyrene in the collembolan Folsomia candida

Abstract

Since toxicity is time dependent, short-term toxicity tests may overlook mixture effects, because chemical accumulation within an organism takes time. We therefore studied the effects of cadmium on the toxicokinetics of pyrene and its metabolites in the soil-dwelling collembolan Folsomia candida exposed through Lufa 2.2 soil. Single pyrene was rapidly taken up and steady state was reached within the 337-h exposure period. Simultaneous exposure to cadmium significantly decreased the pyrene uptake and elimination rate, resulting in a prolonged half life. Kinetics of the first phase metabolite OH-pyrene was also significantly influenced by cadmium. Cadmium increased the hydroxylation rate of pyrene but slowed down its further metabolization, again resulting in a prolonged half life. We showed that pyrene accumulation and metabolization are significantly influenced by the presence of cadmium. Our results suggest that mixture effects may be dependent on exposure time.

Petroleum hydrocarbon mixture toxicity and a trait‐based approach to soil invertebrate species for site‐specific risk assessments

“…This discrepancy is potentially due to relatively small differences in lipid contents across test species compared with aquatic or mammalian species. As observed with aromatic petroleum hydrocarbons in F. candida (Broerse et al 2012), the intrinsic differences in the ability of species to biotransform petroleum hydrocarbons influence toxic responses. However, the literature is currently scarce on biotransformation traits such as enzyme activities in the species we studied.…”

The effects of two common edible herbs, Ipomoea aquatica and Enhydra fluctuans, on cadmium-induced pathophysiology: a focus on oxidative defence and anti-apoptotic mechanism

“…Therefore, the risk of Cd exposure is constantly increasing. Significantly high half-life, faster absorption and low rate of excretion promote the bioaccumulation of Cd above toxic level within a short span of time [ 2 , 3 ]. In chronic exposure, Cd has been considered to be a multi-target toxicant, and it causes damage of vital organs namely liver, kidney, heart, brain and testes [ 4 ].…”

Does cadmium affect the toxicokinetics of permethrin in Chironomus dilutus at sublethal level? Evidence of enzymatic activity and gene expression

“…Broerse et al (2012) found that cadmium significantly affected toxicokinetic process of pyrene in a soil-dwelling collembolan Folsomia candida by decreasing uptake and elimination rates of pyrene. In the meantime, the biotransformation of pyrene to OHpyrene increased but further transformation of OH-pyrene decreased.…”

“…Oxidative stress may be associated with the interaction between chemicals. Broerse et al (2012) suggested that both pyrene and cadmium induced oxidative stress to collembolan Folsomia candida and speculated this was probably one of the mechanisms for the interaction between the two contaminants. It was also noted that oxidative stress had an additive or enhanced effect on the neurotoxicity of sodium channel blockers, e.g.…”