Butyrate enemas in experimental colitis and protection against large bowel cancer in a rat model

D’Argenio, Giuseppe; Cosenza, V.; Cave, M. Delle; Iovino, Paola; Valle, Noelia; Lombardi, Guido P.; Mazzacca, G

doi:10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8964397

Cited by 125 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…The role of n-butyrate has been repeatedly emphasized in the physiology of the large intestine; it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation (13,14), mineral and water absorption (15,16), and mucus secretion (12). Furthermore, it has an anti-tum origenic effect in the large intestine (22,44,45). On the other hand, n-valerate, similar to n-butyrate, is a better substrate for colonocyte respiration; the maximum rate of ATP production by colonocytes from n-valerate (28.5 mmol/min/g) is higher than that from n-butyrate (16.1 mmol/min/g) (46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of Butyrate Production in the Large Intestine of Weaning Piglets by Dietary Fructooligosaccharides and Its Influence on the Histological Variables of the Large Intestinal Mucosa

Tsukahara

Iwasaki²,

Nakayama³

et al. 2003

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryFructooligosaccharides (FOS) reach the large intestine and are fermented into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), lactate, and carbon dioxide. As the major energy source for the epithelial cells of the large intestine, n-butyrate stimulates the proliferation of cells as well as mineral and water absorption from the lumen. We examined the effect of dietary FOS supplementation on luminal SCFA production and its influence on the morphometrical vari ables of mucosa of the large intestine in commercially available pigs. Six weaning piglets were used. After 7 d of adaptation, three pigs were given a test diet containing FOS (10%) ad libitum for 10 d. The other three remained on the basal diet and were used as controls . At the end of the experiment, their large intestines were removed, and the cecum, gyri centrip etales, gyri centrifugales, and rectum were separated. The contents of each portion were col lected and measured for SCFA concentration, pH, and moisture. A micrometer was used to measure the crypt depth. The numbers of epithelial and mitotic cells in the crypt columns were also counted. The concentration of SCFA was significantly higher in piglets fed FOS than in the controls. The concentration of n-butyrate was markedly stimulated by POS . The number of epithelial, mitotic, and mucin-containing cells was higher in piglets fed FOS than in the controls. Accordingly, the crypt depth was larger in the FOS-fed piglets. The luminal n-butyrate concentration showed a significantly positive correlation with the crypt depth and the number of epithelial, mitotic, and mucin-containing cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of Butyrate Production in the Large Intestine of Weaning Piglets by Dietary Fructooligosaccharides and Its Influence on the Histological Variables of the Large Intestinal Mucosa

Tsukahara

Iwasaki²,

Nakayama³

et al. 2003

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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“…The ingestion of supplemental FOS, GOS, IMO, or XOS will selectively lead to increased relative abundance of bacteria of presumed health-promoting properties. 20,21,23 Such effects have now been shown for diets that vary in the amount of naturally-occurring oligosaccharides ingested. In a randomised-controlled trial, 19 patients with IBS who followed a dietitian-delivered low FODMAP diet for 4 weeks had a significant reduction in relative abundance in the feces of bifidobacteria at follow-up compared with that of 22 patients who followed their habitual diet.…”

Section: Prospective Observationalmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…21,22 Propionate and acetate may also have systemic immunomodulatory and epigenetic effects. On the negative side, butyrate can increase visceral sensitivity and all the SCFA can be toxic to epithelium if present in high concentrations.…”

Section: Prospective Observationalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Low FODMAP Diet and Its Application in East and Southeast Asia

Iacovou

Tan

Muir

et al. 2015

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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There is growing interest in using food choice/dietary change to influence clinical outcomes in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The low fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) diet is an evidence-based approach that is gaining popularity in many Western countries. The low FODMAP diet is based on restricting dietary intake of short chain carbohydrates that are slowly absorbed or indigestible and not absorbed during passage through the small intestine. These are collectively described as "FODMAPs" and comprise oligosaccharides (mostly fructans, galacto-oligosaccharides), sugar polyols, fructose in excess of glucose, and lactose in lactose malabsorbers. The general strategy of the diet is to avoid foods high in FODMAPs and replace them with foods low in FODMAPs, with long-term restriction limited to what is required to control symptoms. The likely mechanism of action is minimisation of the stimulation of mechanoreceptors exerted by distension of the intestinal lumen with water from osmotic effects and gases from bacterial fermentation in those with visceral hypersensitivity. The success of this dietary approach greatly depends on detailed knowledge about the FODMAP composition of food commonly consumed in that country. While the content of foods associated with East and Southeast Asian cuisines has not been fully explored, major high FODMAP sources are frequently used and include onion, garlic, shallots, legumes/pulses, and wheat-based products. Thus, this dietary approach holds great promise in treating IBS patients in East and Southeast Asia. The aim of this review is to highlight how the diet is implemented, its efficacy, and troublesome ingredients frequently used in Asian dishes.

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“…Compared with both saline and hypertonic glucose, SCFA was the most effective agent in inducing recovery of the damaged mucosa. Not only were both the macroand microscopic parameters higher in SCFAtreated animals when compared with the other groups, but also the DNA content of [1-5]) compared with both controls (grade 9 [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]) and glucose-treated (grade 9 [2-10]) animals. There was no difference in the histologic morphometric values (CD and WW) among the three groups of colitic animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, colonic lavage with SCFA solutions seems to improve the inflammation of the mucosa in diversion (8) or ulcerative colitis (9) patients. However, the effect of nutritional solutions on experimental colitis has not been thoroughly studied (10). Previous studies have focused on the reduced inflammatory response induced by butyrate enemas in colitic rats by measuring the transglutaminase (11) or the myeloperoxidase activities (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced mucosal re-epithelialization induced by short chain fatty acids in experimental colitis

Aguilar-Nascimento

França-da-Silva

de-Oliveira

et al. 1999

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the best nutrients for the colonocytes. Glucose is poorly used as a fuel but may be transformed into SCFA by colonic bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SCFA or glucose on experimental colitis. Colitis was induced in 30 Wistar rats by colonic instillation of 4% acetic acid. Five days later they were randomized to receive twice a day colonic lavage containing saline (controls, N = 10), 10% hypertonic glucose (N = 10) or SCFA (N = 10) until day 8 when they were killed. At autopsy, the colon was removed and weighed and the mucosa was evaluated macro-and microscopically and stripped out for DNA assay. Data are reported as mean ± SD or median [range] as appropriate. All animals lost weight but there was no difference between groups. Colon weight was significantly lower in the SCFA group (3.8 ± 0.5 g) than in the control (5.3 ± 2.1 g) and glucose (5.2 ± 1.3 g) groups (P<0.05). Macroscopically, the severity of inflammation was less in SCFA (grade 2 [1-5]) than in control (grade 9 [4-10]) and glucose-treated (grade 9 [2-10]) animals (P<0.01). Microscopically, ulceration of the mucosa was more severe in the glucose and control groups than in the SCFA group. The DNA content of the mucosa of SCFA-treated animals (8.2 [5.0-20.2] mg/g of tissue) was higher than in glucosetreated (5.1 [4.2-8.5] mg/g of tissue; P<0.01) and control (6.2 [4.5-8.9] mg/g of tissue; P<0.05) animals. We conclude that SCFA may enhance mucosal re-epithelialization in experimental colitis, whereas hypertonic glucose is of no benefit. Correspondence

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Butyrate enemas in experimental colitis and protection against large bowel cancer in a rat model

Cited by 125 publications

References 0 publications

Stimulation of Butyrate Production in the Large Intestine of Weaning Piglets by Dietary Fructooligosaccharides and Its Influence on the Histological Variables of the Large Intestinal Mucosa

Stimulation of Butyrate Production in the Large Intestine of Weaning Piglets by Dietary Fructooligosaccharides and Its Influence on the Histological Variables of the Large Intestinal Mucosa

The Low FODMAP Diet and Its Application in East and Southeast Asia

Enhanced mucosal re-epithelialization induced by short chain fatty acids in experimental colitis

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