Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): Analysis and US market potential. Final report

Frantzis, L.; Friedman, Daniel; Hill, S.; Teagan, Peter; Strong, S.J.; Strong, Marilyn

doi:10.2172/72936

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…For example, AD Little estimates commercial viability of various technologies based on field interviews, consumer surveys and market experience, noting that a simple payback of three years or less is needed to achieve technology adoption in a large percentage of the commercial buildings market [34]. Estimates can be based on various product cost models accounting for technology maturation rates, distribution markups, differing utility rate structures (including demand charge savings), regional growth factors, capacity credits, utility rebates, and environmental externality credits for SO 2 , NO x , and CO 2 reductions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The energy-savings potential of electrochromic windows in the UScommercial buildings sector

Lee

Yazdanian²,

Selkowitz³

2004

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Switchable electrochromic (EC) windows have been projected to significantly reduce the energy use of buildings nationwide. This study quantifies the potential impact of electrochromic windows on US primary energy use in the commercial building sector and also provides a broader database of energy use and peak demand savings for perimeter zones than that given in previous LBNL simulation studies. The DOE-2.1E building simulation program was used to predict the annual energy use of a three-storey prototypical commercial office building located in five US climates and 16 California climate zones. The energy performance of an electrochromic window controlled to maintain daylight illuminance at a prescribed setpoint level is compared to conventional and the best available commercial windows as well as windows defined by the ASHRAE 90.1-1999 and California Title 24-2005 Prescriptive Standards. Perimeter zone energy use and peak demand savings data by orientation, window size, and climate are given for windows with interior shading, attached shading, and horizon obstructions (to simulate an urban environment).Perimeter zone primary energy use is reduced by 10-20% in east, south, and west zones in most climates if the commercial building has a large window-to-wall area ratio of 0.60 compared to a spectrally selective low-e window with daylighting controls and no interior or exterior shading. Peak demand for the same condition is reduced by 20-30%. The emerging electrochromic window with daylighting controls is projected to save approximately 91.5-97.3 10 12 Btu in the year 2030 compared to a spectrally selective low-E window with manually-controlled interior shades and no daylighting controls if it reaches a 40% market penetration level in that year.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The energy-savings potential of electrochromic windows in the UScommercial buildings sector

Lee

Yazdanian²,

Selkowitz³

2004

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Modeling Distributed PV Market and its Impacts on Distribution System: A Brazilian Case Study

Machado

Borba

Maciel

2016

IEEE Latin Am. Trans.

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Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) in the Residential Sector: An Analysis of Installed Rooftop System Prices

James¹,

Goodrich²,

Woodhouse³

et al. 2011

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NOTICEThis report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Executive SummaryFor more than 30 years, there have been strong efforts to accelerate the deployment of solarelectric systems by developing photovoltaic (PV) products that are fully integrated with building materials. Despite these efforts and high stakeholder interest in building-integrated PV (BIPV), the deployment of PV systems that are partially or fully integrated with building materials is low compared with rack-mounted PV systems, accounting for about 1% of the installed capacity of distributed PV systems worldwide by the end of 2009. In this report, we examine the cost drivers and performance considerations related to BIPV for residential rooftops. We also briefly review the history of BIPV product development and examine market dynamics that have affected commercialization and deployment.As with many renewable energy technologies, system prices-in terms of dollars per installed watt of direct-current peak power capacity ($/W p DC )-have a significant effect on PV deployment. In general, the installed prices of BIPV systems are higher than PV system prices, but the cause of these price premiums-higher costs, higher margins, or other considerationsand the potential for price reductions remain uncertain. Using a bottom-up analysis of components and installation labor costs, we explore the cost trade-offs that affect the prices of residential rooftop BIPV systems. We compare the prices of three hypothetical BIPV systems with the price of a rack-mounted crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV system, the "PV Reference Case," which is the most commonly installed residential system technology. One of the BIPV cases is a derivative of the c-Si PV case ("BIPV Derivative Case"), and the other two BIPV cases are based on an analysis of thin-film technologies (Table ES-1). In today's solar market, few BIPV products are fully integrated with building materials as envisioned in these BIPV cases; therefore, the cases should be seen as near-term possibilities. In contrast, the PV Reference Case represents a 2010 benchmark system price from an NREL study that uses the same methodology to assess objective system prices (Goodrich et al. 2011). Comparing the hypothetic...

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Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): Analysis and US market potential. Final report

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The energy-savings potential of electrochromic windows in the UScommercial buildings sector

The energy-savings potential of electrochromic windows in the UScommercial buildings sector

Modeling Distributed PV Market and its Impacts on Distribution System: A Brazilian Case Study

Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) in the Residential Sector: An Analysis of Installed Rooftop System Prices

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