Bromelain: An Enzyme Expanding its Horizon from Food to Pharmaceutical Industry

Abstract

Bromelain is a protein digestive enzyme obtained from the extract of pineapple (steam, fruit, and leaves). It is a cocktail of several thiol endopeptidases and other components like peroxidase, cellulase, phosphatase, and several protease inhibitors. It is a glycoprotein with an oligosaccharide in its molecular structure that contains xylose, fucose, mannose, and N-acetyl glucosamine. Many approaches have been used in the extraction and purification of bromelain like filtration, membrane filtration, INT filtration, precipitation, aqueous two-phase system, ion-exchange chromatography, etc. This enzyme is widely used in the food industry for meat tenderization, baking, cheese processing, seafood processing, etc. However, this enzyme also expands its applicability in the food industry. It is reported to have the potential for the treatment of bronchitis, surgical trauma, sinusitis, etc. The in vitro and in vivo studies showed that it possesses fibrinolytic, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, anti-edematous activity, etc. The human body absorbed bromelain without any side effects or reduction in its activity. However, in some cases, it shows side effects in those patients who are allergic to pineapple. To minimize such adverse effects bromelain is immobilized inside the nanoparticles. This paper gives an overview of the production, purification, and application of this industrially important enzyme in the food and pharmaceutical industry. It also discusses the various immobilization strategies used to enhance its efficiency.

Bromelain: a review of its mechanisms, pharmacological effects and potential applications

“…The physiochemical properties of bromelain make it useful for several industries, including pharmaceuticals, food and cosmetics. [19][20][21][22][23] The molecular weight of bromelain ranges between 30 000 and 97 500 Daltons owing to various proteolytic enzymes present in it. For maximum effectiveness, bromelain should be used at a pH range between 5.5 and 8.0, although it is stable at pH levels between neutral and slightly acidic.…”

Taming the SARS-CoV-2-mediated proinflammatory response with BromAc®

“…Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme “soup” obtained from the pineapple plant Ananas comosus extract. In addition to its proteolytic activity, this enzyme allows the hydrolysis of glycosidic interactions in carbohydrates found in mucus ( 12 ). In parallel, acetylcysteine is an agent used to treat paracetamol overdose ( 13 , 14 ), a mucolytic agent, and a powerful antioxidant that can reduce disulfide bonds of proteins ( 15 ).…”