Brief assessment of subjective health complaints: Development, validation and population norms of a brief form of the Giessen Subjective Complaints List (GBB-8)

Kliem, Sören; Lohmann, Anna; Klatt, Thimna; Mößle, Thomas; Rehbein, Florian; Hinz, Andreas; Beutel, Manfred E.; Brähler, Elmar

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.02.003

Cited by 31 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The eight items constitute four scales, each consisting of two items and good internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha): exhaustion (α = 0.83), gastrointestinal complaints (α = 0.68), musculoskeletal (α = 0.85), and cardiovascular complaints (α = 0.68). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the four-factorial model 3 . Correlation coefficients of the brief and the long form were between r = 0.86 and r = 0.95 (sum score) 3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Somatic symptoms. The Giessen Subjective Complaints List with eight items (GBB-8 3 ) is a popular and well-established self-report questionnaire for the assessment of subjective health complaints in German speaking countries and it was used in all of the three surveys. It derived from the highly reliable GBB-24 35 with originally 24 health complaints.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high burden of somatic symptoms has been associated with considerable suffering, health care utilization and costs. Widespread somatic symptoms not only indicate somatic illnesses, but also common mental disorders such as depression [1][2][3][4][5] . Somatic symptom burden has been associated with female sex 6,7 , higher age 8,9 , lower education 8,10 and socio-economic status 7 , and disruption of relationships by separation, divorce or widowhood 10 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Somatic Symptoms in the German General Population from 1975 to 2013

Beutel

Klein

Henning

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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the study determines how burden and patterns of somatic symptom reporting developed over almost four decades in the general German population. Additionally, we studied how socio-demographic factors affected the degree of somatic symptoms. Population-based samples representative for West Germany between 18 and 60 years of age were analyzed comparing three cross-sectional samples of 1975 (N = 1601), 1994 (N = 1416), and 2013 (N = 1290) by conducting a three-way analysis of variance (sex, age, survey). The prevalence rates for somatic symptoms in men and women were lower in the more recent surveys; this affected women most strongly. Exhaustion and musculoskeletal complaints remained leading symptoms (affecting 25%, resp. 11% of the men and 30%, resp. 19% of the women). There was a slight increase in women's prevalence of exhaustion from 1994 (15%) to 2013 (19%). As determined by stepwise multiple regression, somatic symptoms were consistently associated with female sex and higher age. In the 2013 survey, education became an additional negative predictor of somatic symptom load, while the impact of age and sex on somatic symptoms reporting decreased. Somatic symptoms remain a major burden in the general population. findings are interpreted with regard to improved living and health care conditions, different cohort experiences, and more public health information.frequently measured dimensions of somatic complaints with two different symptoms: cardiovascular (palpitation and dizziness), gastrointestinal (abdominal feeling of fullness/pressure and stomachache), musculoskeletal (back/ sacroiliac pain and neck/shoulder pain), and exhaustion symptoms (tiredness and exhaustibility). We looked for symptom reporting for each symptom separately and the total score. Above that, based on a predefined cut-off score (total score > 12), we determined high somatic symptom burden in women and men over time. Analyzing each survey sample separately, we included the demographic variables sex, age, and education to predict symptom burden. Scientific RepoRtS |(2020) 10:1595 | https://doi.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Somatic Symptoms in the German General Population from 1975 to 2013

Beutel

Klein

Henning

et al. 2020

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“…psychological assessment. Participants also completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) 44 , the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire 8 (EDE-Q8) 45 , and a brief form of the Giessen Subjective Complaints List (GBB-8) 46 . The PHQ-4 allows for the brief measurement of depression and anxiety based on participants' responses to 4 items on a Likert scale ranging from "not at all" to "nearly every day".…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the GBB-8 is a brief, self-report questionnaire used to assess somatic symptom strain. Total scores range from 0 to 32, while scores on the four subscales (exhaustion, gastrointestinal complaints, musculoskeletal complaints, and cardiovascular complaints) range from 0 to 8 with higher scores indicating greater symptom strain 46 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence and psychopathology of vegetarians and vegans – Results from a representative survey in Germany

Paslakis

Richardson

Nöhre

et al. 2020

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The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of, and attitudes toward, vegetarianism and veganism. We also assessed the association between vegetarianism/veganism and eating disorder, depressive, and somatic symptoms. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey in adults in Germany that was representative in terms of age, gender, and educational level was carried out. Data from 2449 adults (53.5% females) were included. Mean age was 49.6 (SD 17.1) years. A total of 5.4% of participants reported following a vegetarian or vegan diet. While the majority of participants agreed that vegetarian diets are healthy and harmless (56.1%), only 34.8% believed this to be true of vegan diets. The majority of participants also believed that a vegetarian (58.7%) or vegan (74.7%) diet can lead to nutritional deficiency. Female gender, younger age, higher education, lower body mass index (BMI), and higher depressive and eating disorder symptoms were found to be associated with vegetarianism/veganism. We did not find increased physical complaints in the group of vegetarians/vegans. Our results point toward a moderate prevalence of vegetarianism/veganism among the general population. Our findings suggest that health care professionals should keep eating disorder pathology, affective status in mind when dealing with individuals who choose a vegetarian/vegan dietary pattern.of vegetarians are found in India, where they comprise 30% of the population 12,13 . Veganism is less common with the prevalence reported to be about 2% in the United States 10 and less than 1% in Germany 14 . In several studies, education and income were found to be inversely associated with meat consumption [14][15][16] . Subsequent research conducted within Central European countries also indicates that vegetarians tend to be more educated and affluent than omnivores 14,17 . Allès et al. 18 confirmed that vegetarians tend to be more educated than omnivores, but also found out that vegans tend to have lower educational attainment. Additionally, women are far more likely to be vegetarian than men 8 ; even among non-vegetarians, women have been found to eat considerably less meat than men 1,14,19,20 .Although strict and unbalanced dietary restrictions can pose a risk of micronutrient deficiencies 2 , it is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that appropriately planned vegetarian diets are nutritionally adequate and may be beneficial for health 21 . A comprehensive meta-analysis of 80 studies provides evidence for the link between a vegetarian diet and a lowered risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and certain types of cancer 22 . Vegetarianism has also been associated with reduced risk of hypertension, diverticular disease, degenerative arthritis, and metabolic syndrome in other studies 4,23 . Also, the use of vegetarian and vegan diets is often associated with other health behaviors including non-smoking and regular physical activity 1 . Additionally, studies conducted in Western countries have consistently shown that v...

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The association of adverse childhood experiences and of resilience with chronic noncancer pain in the German adult population – A cross‐sectional survey

Haüser

Brähler

Schmutzer

et al. 2018

European Journal of Pain

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Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) might predispose to and resilience might protect against chronic noncancer pain (CNCP). We studied whether ACE are positively associated with CNCP, whether resilience was negatively associated with CNCP and whether resilience buffered a potential association of ACE with CNCP. Methods A cross‐sectional survey (N = 2,425) representative for the adult German general population was conducted in 2013. The following questionnaires were used: Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire for CNCP stages; Childhood Trauma Screener for ACE; Brief Resilient Coping Scale for resilience; Patient Health Questionnaire 4 for psychological symptom burden; Giessen Subjective Complaints List for somatic symptom burden. To test the association of ACE and resilience with CNCP stages, logistic regression analyses including sociodemographic variables and psychological and somatic symptom burden as possible confounders were calculated. Results No statistically significant associations between any CNCP and disabling CNCP respectively with physical, emotional, and sexual abuse; emotional and physical neglect if compared to no chronic pain were found in uni‐ and multivariate analyses. There was a small effect of combined ACE and a small attenuating effect of resilience on any and disabling CNCP in univariate, but not in multivariate analysis. Large associations were found between age > 65 years with any CNCP (OR 6.51 [95% confidence interval 3.38 to 12.51)] and disabling CNCP (OR 9.33 [95% confidence interval 2.39 to 36.41]), respectively, if compared to no pain. Conclusions There was no pain‐proneness by single and combined ACE for and no protection by resilience for any and for disabling CNCP in the general adult German population. Significance There is no pain‐proneness due to adverse childhood experiences for any and disabling chronic noncancer pain. Resilience does not protect against any and disabling chronic noncancer pain. Older age is the strongest predictor of any and disabling chronic noncancer pain.

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Brief assessment of subjective health complaints: Development, validation and population norms of a brief form of the Giessen Subjective Complaints List (GBB-8)

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Somatic Symptoms in the German General Population from 1975 to 2013

Somatic Symptoms in the German General Population from 1975 to 2013

Prevalence and psychopathology of vegetarians and vegans – Results from a representative survey in Germany

The association of adverse childhood experiences and of resilience with chronic noncancer pain in the German adult population – A cross‐sectional survey

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