Breast gangrene: a rare source of severe sepsis

Agrawal, Swati; Jayant, Kumar; Agarwal, Rajendra

doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-203467

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Metastasis is the most poorly understood aspect of breast cancer. Metastatic spread to nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and hypopharynx is very rare, and if it occurs, the primary site of malignancy is usually a renal cell carcinoma (1,2). Breast cancer metastases to the nasopharynx are extremely rare, and the case would be incredibly rare if it happened to occur in a male patient as in this case.…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

Breast Cancer with Metastasis to the Nasopharynx and Paranasal Sinuses

Agrawal

Jayant

2016

Breast J

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confidence: 64%

Breast Cancer with Metastasis to the Nasopharynx and Paranasal Sinuses

Agrawal

Jayant

2016

Breast J

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“…A total of 13 articles were excluded based on inclusion criteria. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] A single case series was excluded because of inadequate data. 20 Therefore, a total of 25 articles were included in the qualitative analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Primary Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Breast: A Systematic Review

Konik

Huang

2020

Plast Surg (Oakv)

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Purpose: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life-threatening infection that involves spreading necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue and fascia that affects the extremities, abdominal wall, and perineum. Primary infection of the breast is a rare occurrence. Shah et al described the first case of primary breast NF and recommended radical “pseudotumor” excision and delayed skin closure months after resolution. Numerous other cases reported were successfully managed with different strategies. We aimed to summarize management options for primary breast NF through a systematic review of the literature. Methods: A systematic review of English literature was performed using PubMed. A total of 58 abstracts were reviewed. Data were abstracted from 25 cases that met inclusion criteria. Results: A total of 25 cases of primary NF of the breast without an inciting event were found within the literature. Common initial operations included total mastectomy (36.0%), excisional debridement (32.0%), and partial mastectomy (12.0%). A total or radical mastectomy was completed for definitive source control in 13 (52.0%) cases. A total of 18 cases underwent reconstruction. Split-thickness skin grafts (44.4%) and delayed primary closures (33.3%) were the most common methods of reconstruction. Conclusion: Majority of cases with primary breast NF are managed with a total mastectomy to gain source control. Reconstruction using split-thickness skin grafts was most common. Other options included delayed primary closure, full thickness skin grafts, local tissue rearrangement, and pedicle flap reconstruction. Reconstruction should be patient dependent, but the whole arsenal of the reconstructive ladder may be used.

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“…Gangrenous/emphysematous inflammation may occur in the stomach [33,66] (see Figures 16 and 17), esophagus [67], colorectum [68] (see Figures 15 and 18), urinary bladder [69,70], ureter [71], urethra [72], penis [73], epididymis/testis [74,75], endometrium [76], vagina [77], breast [78], bone [79], striated muscle [80], aorta [81], mediastinum [82], and endocardium [83]. Most cases are categorized in the nonclostridial etiology.…”

Section: Gangrenous/emphysematous Inflammation In Other Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathology of Gangrene

Tsutsumi¹

2020

Pathogenic Bacteria

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Pathological features of gangrene are described. Gangrene is commonly caused by infection of anaerobic bacteria. Dry gangrene belongs to noninfectious gangrene. The hypoxic/ischemic condition accelerates the growth of anaerobic bacteria and extensive necrosis of the involved tissue. Clostridial and non-clostridial gangrene provokes gas formation in the necrotic tissue. Acute gangrenous inflammation happens in a variety of tissues and organs, including the vermiform appendix, gallbladder, bile duct, lung, and eyeball. Emphysematous (gas-forming) infection such as emphysematous pyelonephritis may be provoked by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Rapidly progressive gangrene of the extremities (so-called “flesh-eating bacteria” infection) is seen in fulminant streptococcal, Vibrio vulnificus, and Aeromonas hydrophila infections. Fournier gangrene is an aggressive and life-threatening gangrenous disease seen in the scrotum and rectum. Necrotizing fasciitis is a subacute form of gangrene of the extremities. Of note is the fact that clostridial and streptococcal infections in the internal organs may result in a lethal hypercytokinemic state without association of gangrene of the arms and legs. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus may play an important role for vulnerability of the infectious diseases. Pseudomonas-induced malignant otitis externa and craniofacial mucormycosis are special forms of the lethal gangrenous disorder.

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Breast gangrene: a rare source of severe sepsis

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Breast Cancer with Metastasis to the Nasopharynx and Paranasal Sinuses

Breast Cancer with Metastasis to the Nasopharynx and Paranasal Sinuses

Management of Primary Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Breast: A Systematic Review

Pathology of Gangrene

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