Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50 302 women with breast cancer and 96 973 women without the disease

High Incidence of Triple-Negative Tumors in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Prospective Study of Breast Cancer Characteristics and Risk Factors in Malian Women Seen in a Bamako University Hospital

“…triple negative) in premenopausal African-American women. In contrast, the present study did not reveal any significant differences for most of the known risk factors (BMI, age at menarche, number of full-term pregnancies, cumulative duration of breast-feeding, or stage of disease) [29,31,32]. Analysis of data from 30 countries has clearly shown that, in developed countries, a longer breast-feeding period has a protective effect against breast cancer, i.e.…”

“…Analysis of data from 30 countries has clearly shown that, in developed countries, a longer breast-feeding period has a protective effect against breast cancer, i.e. about a 5% reduction of the relative risk per 12 months of breast-feeding [32]. However, this risk factor was not observed in our study, probably because 92% of the women in our series, like most Malian women, had already had children and all Malian mothers breast-feed their babies.…”

Anthropometric characteristics and mammographic parenchymal patterns in post-menopausal women: a population-based study in Northern Greece

“…However, the results on the association between anthropometric risk factors and high risk mammographic parenchymal patterns [8,9] in postmenopausal women are opposite to those observed for increased breast cancer risk [10][11][12]. Studies investigating the association between mammographic parenchymal patterns [4,7,13] or breast cancer [13][14][15][16][17] reproductive and hormonal factors produce similar results.…”

Reproduction and Breast Cancer Risk

“…The duration of breast feeding within certain limits is believed to have an influence on breast cancer risk. In order to unravel the impact of breast feeding on breast cancer risk (reduction) within the complex topic of childbearing, the Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer [39] retrieved individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries that included information on breast feeding patterns and other aspects of childbearing for 50,302 women with invasive breast cancer and 96,973 controls. The RR for breast cancer decreased by 4.3% (p < 0.0001) for every 12 months of breast feeding in addition to a decrease of 7.0% (p < 0.0001) for each birth.…”