Breakdown of the efficiency gap to 29% based on experimental input data and modeling

Brendel, Rolf; Dullweber, Thorsten; Peibst, Robby; Kranz, Christopher; Merkle, Agnes; Walter, Daniel

doi:10.1002/pip.2696

Cited by 47 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Second, the rear contacts and the rear passivation should be improved to further increase the V OC . Similar conclusions are obtained using a different approach based on simulation [13].…”

Section: Experimental Loss Analysis 41 Analysis Of the Recombinationsupporting

confidence: 83%

Analysis of the losses of industrial‐type PERC solar cells

Saint‐Cast

Werner

Greulich

et al. 2016

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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The loss analysis of state-of-the-art p-type Czochralski-grown silicon passivated emitter and rear solar cells (PERC) fabricated in a manner close to industrial production is presented in this paper. The 6-inch solar cells are featuring a homogeneous emitter on the front side, an Al2O3 passivation layer and local contacts on the rear side. The peak energy conversion efficiencies obtained are 21.1% for a standard antireflection coating (ARC) and 21.4% for a double-layer ARC. The loss analysis is based on an extended characterization of the solar cells and of special samples, which allow the separation of the contributions of each region of the solar cell including metallization. Their impact is determined experimentally on the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current density, and the fill factor. Based on the measurements, the devices are numerically simulated. The free energy losses are analyzed using the simulation model. Based on the results from the loss analysis, it is found that the integration of a selective emitter structure and the further improvement of the rear surface would allow for efficiencies above 22% in the short term

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“…Second, the rear contacts and the rear passivation should be improved to further increase the V OC . Similar conclusions are obtained using a different approach based on simulation [13].…”

Section: Experimental Loss Analysis 41 Analysis Of the Recombinationsupporting

confidence: 83%

Analysis of the losses of industrial‐type PERC solar cells

Saint‐Cast

Werner

Greulich

et al. 2016

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…Supplementary Data 1 for tabulated data). 24,58,69,90,101,108,123,[230][231][232][233][234][235][236] b, Comparison of efficiency loss (1-η/ηlim)x100 against development time for heavily doped directly metallised contacts (black) and passivating contact (colored) technologies (data from Fig. 1a).…”

Section: Comparison Of Contacting Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passivating contacts for crystalline silicon solar cells

et al. 2019

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The global photovoltaic (PV) market is dominated by crystalline silicon (c-Si) based technologies with heavily doped, directly metallised contacts. Recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes at the contact regions is increasingly constraining the power conversion efficiencies of these devices as other performance-limiting energy losses are overcome. To move forward, c-Si PV technologies must implement alternative contacting approaches. Passivating contacts, which incorporate thin films within the contact structure that simultaneously supress recombination and promote charge carrier selectivity, are a promising next step for the mainstream c-Si PV industry. In this work we review the fundamental physical processes governing contact formation in c-Si. In doing so we identify the role passivating contacts play in increasing c-Si solar cell efficiencies beyond the limitations imposed by heavy doping and direct metallisation. Strategies towards the implementation of passivating contacts in industrial environments are discussed.

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“…In addition, by deactivating groups of losses simultaneously, the interaction of loss mechanisms are taken into account and efficiency gains from these "synergistic" effects are identified. For more details on the SEGA analysis and the origin of the synergy contributions we refer to reference [24].…”

Section: Solar Cell Results and Efficiency Gain Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%