“…Coopetition, the simultaneous pursuit of cooperation and competition with the intent to create joint value (Bengtsson and Kock, 2000, 2014; Gnyawali and Ryan Charleton, 2018), provides firms with not only a valuable tool to create value (Gnyawali and Ryan Charleton, 2018) but also a unique strategy to capitalise on the benefits of both cooperation and competition (Bengtsson and Kock, 2000; Levy et al , 2003; Gnyawali and Park, 2009; Ritala, 2012; Iyer, 2014). The S-LCD joint venture between Sony and Samsung to develop and produce 7th-generation liquid crystal display (LCD) panels for flat-screen TVs (Gnyawali and Park, 2011), the Ford–SEAT–Volkswagen collaboration to develop a multipurpose car (Esteban-Bravo and Lado, 2011) and the Amazon coopetition-based model (Ritala et al , 2014) are all examples that illustrate the benefits from combining the advantages of cooperation and competition to reach a stronger position in the global competition (Rajala and Tidström, 2021).…”