“…However, if those with RD are only different from age-matched controls and similar to reading-matched controls, this suggests a developmental delay that is a consequence of poor reading. Neuroimaging studies which have included a reading-matched control group in addition to an age-matched control group have investigated phonological (Hoeft et al, 2006(Hoeft et al, , 2007Quaglino et al, 2008;Schulz et al, 2009) and visuo-orthographic deficits (Cao, Yan, Spray, Liu, & Deng, 2018;Olulade, Napoliello, & Eden, 2013;Wang, Bi, Gao, & Wydell, 2010). In terms of phonological deficits, two studies have shown that alterations in the left IFG seem to represent a developmental delay, while the left temporo-parietal region may be a qualitative deviance (Hoeft et al, 2006(Hoeft et al, , 2007.…”