Brackish groundwater treatment by nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and electrodialysis in Tunisia: performance and cost comparison

Walha, Khaled; Amar, Raja Ben; Firdaous, Loubna; Quéméneur, F.; Jaouen, Pascal

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.583

Cited by 148 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In Tunisia, located in a semi-arid zone, the traditional sources of fresh water are limited in capacity and are being stressed by competing uses, such as irrigation and industrial needs [1][2][3][4]. In recent years and with the development of desalination processes, there has been an increasing interest in using brackish waters (water with less than 10,000 mg/L of total dissolved salts) as a source of potable water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodialytic desalination of brackish water: effect of process parameters and water characteristics

Ali

Mnif

Hamrouni

et al. 2010

Ionics

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The aim of this work is to study the desalination of brackish water using a laboratory scale electrodialysis cell. The influence of several parameters, such as flow rates, initial feed concentration, applied voltage and circulation mode on process efficiency were studied. This efficiency is evaluated by the demineralization rate, ionic flux transport and current efficiency. In this study, experiments were carried out on synthetic brackish water solutions prepared from sodium chloride salts. The concentrations of these solutions are varying from 0.5 to 3 g L −1 . The process was applied for the treatment of real brackish water sample with total dissolved salts ∼5 g L −1 . The concentrations of different species in the obtained treated water are below the amounts recommended by World Health Organization for drinking water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodialytic desalination of brackish water: effect of process parameters and water characteristics

Ali

Mnif

Hamrouni

et al. 2010

Ionics

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“…The hydrated radii of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , and K + are 0.349, 0.429, 0.365, and 0.383 nm, respectively [16]. With a larger ion, its transport through the membrane is more sterically hindered [17]. Therefore, it is concluded that two ion characteristics, i.e., the ionic charge and hydrated ionic radius, could influence the desalination performance, in which the ionic charge was more important.…”

Section: Analyses and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparison of the removal of monovalent and divalent cations in the microbial desalination cell

Chen

Luo

Hou

et al. 2013

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

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Microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a promising technology to desalinate water and generate electrical power simultaneously. The objectives of this study were to investigate the desalination performance of monovalent and divalent cations in the MDC, and discuss the effect of ion characteristics, ion concentrations, and electrical characteristics. Mixed salt solutions of NaCl, MgCl 2 , KCl, and CaCl 2 with the same concentration were used in the desalination chamber to study removal of cations. Results showed that in the mixed salt solutions, the electrodialysis desalination rates of cations were: Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > Na + > K + . Higher ionic charges and smaller hydrated ionic radii resulted in higher desalination rates of the cations, in which the ionic charge was more important than the hydrated ionic radius. Mixed solutions of NaCl and MgCl 2 with different concentrations were used in the desalination chamber to study the effect of ion concentrations. Results showed that when ion concentrations of Na + were one-fifth to five times of Mg 2+ , ion concentration influenced the dialysis more profoundly than electrodialysis. With the current densities below a certain value, charge transfer efficiencies became very low and the dialysis was the main process responsible for the desalination. And the phosphate transfer from the anode chamber and potassium transfer from the cathode chamber could balance 1%-3% of the charge transfer in the MDC.

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“…In addition, a high pressure is necessary in RO membrane system, which results in the increase of the desalination cost (Hasson et al 2001). In NF process, although less pressure is needed, NF can just ensure the reduction of bivalent ions and it is insufficient to obtain drinking water from brackish water which contains lots of monovalent ions, the total dissolved solid (TDS) of the permeate obtained with this process is superior to the standard value (Walha et al 2007). Electrodialysis (ED) is an electrical-driven membrane technology, which is effective with fluoride removal from feed and not sensitive to pH or hardness levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride removal from brackish groundwater by direct contact membrane distillation

Hou

Wang

et al. 2010

Water Science and Technology

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The direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) applied for fluoride removal from brackish groundwater is presented. The self-prepared polyvinylidene fluoride membrane exhibited high rejection of inorganic salt solutes and a maximum permeate flux 35.6 kgm 22 h 21 was obtained.The feed concentration had no marked impact on the permeate flux and the rejection of fluoride.The precipitation of CaCO 3 would clog the hollow fiber inlets and foul the membrane surface with the increase of concentration factor when natural groundwater was used directly as the feed, which resulted in a rapid decline of the module efficiency. This phenomenon was diminished by acidification of the feed. The experimental results showed that the permeate flux and the quality of obtained distillate kept stable before concentration factor reached 5.0 with the acidified groundwater as feed. The membrane module efficiency began to decline gradually when the feed continued to be concentrated, which can be mainly attributed to the formation of CaF 2 deposits on the membrane surface. Finally, a 300 h continuous fluoride removal experiment on acidified groundwater was carried out with concentration factor at 4.0, the permeate flux kept stable and the permeate fluoride was not detected.

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Brackish groundwater treatment by nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and electrodialysis in Tunisia: performance and cost comparison

Cited by 148 publications

References 15 publications

Electrodialytic desalination of brackish water: effect of process parameters and water characteristics

Electrodialytic desalination of brackish water: effect of process parameters and water characteristics

Comparison of the removal of monovalent and divalent cations in the microbial desalination cell

Fluoride removal from brackish groundwater by direct contact membrane distillation

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