Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: Recent Findings about Its Occurrence in Pigs

Oliveira, Luís Guilherme de; Mechler-Dreibi, Marina Lopes; Almeida, H. M. S.; Gatto, Igor Renan Honorato

doi:10.3390/v12060600

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The seroprevalence is quite high, revealing the widespread distribution of the virus for a long period of time without recognition. It is in agreement with previous reports of seroprevalence in cattle reported from various countries such as India, 38 Mexico 39 and Iran. 40 It conforms to the published data showing that 60-80% of cattle herds are exposed to BVDV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Seroprevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Local Borana Cattle Breed and Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Ethiopia

Tesfaye

Omer

Hussein

et al. 2021

VMRR

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Background: Bovine viral diarrhea, caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), has been considered a disease of cattle but is now emerging in camels. In Ethiopia it has been detected in exotic and cross-bred dairy cattle but no information is available on its occurrence in indigenous cattle breeds and camels. This study was, therefore, conducted to estimate the prevalence of BVDV infection in indigenous Borana cattle and camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Moyale and Miesso pastoral districts. Methodology: Serological investigation was carried out on 219 cattle from 44 herds and 137 camels from 11 herds in contact with the selected cattle herds in Boranara zone and 348 camels from 41 herds in Shinille zone. The sera samples were tested using a competitive enzyme lnked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) to detect antibodies against p80 protein of BVDV. In addition, all of the cattle sera were tested using antigen detection ELISA for identification of persistent infection. Results: Among the 219 cattle tested, 177 (80.82%; 95% CI: 74.97-85.81) were found to be positive for antibodies against BVDV in Moyale district, Borena Zone. The prevalence varied among different age groups and parity. The highest prevalence was observed in cattle aged 8 years and older (84.0%; 95% CI: 69.6-98.4) and in primiparous cattle (85.5%; 95% CI: 76.2-94.8). Two of the 219 cattle tested (0.05%; 95% CI: 0.02-0.08) were found to be positive with antigen detection ELISA. In addition, out of a total of 137 camels tested, two (1.46%; 95% CI: 0.18-5.17) were found to be positive in this district. Among the 348 camels tested, eight (2.29%; 95% CI: 0.99-4.485) were found to be positive for antibodies against BVDV. In conclusion, this study revealed a high prevalence of infection in Borana cattle. In addition, it recorded the occurrence of infection with BVDV in camel herds. None of the camels tested positive for the antigen of BVDV using antigen ELISA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Seroprevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Local Borana Cattle Breed and Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Ethiopia

Tesfaye

Omer

Hussein

et al. 2021

VMRR

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“…However, until the differentiation of CSFV from BVDV as distinct species, their vast differences in virulence and destructive implications for the pig industry were not appreciated. Whereas BVDV infection poses a lesser threat without restriction for herd movement, CSFV can spread rapidly in pigs and cause high mortality, requiring stringent sanitary protocols, restriction of movement/export, vaccinations, and culling of herds [ 56 , 57 ]. While there is no evidence for a host–species demarcation in PBV, our results provide a solid future basis for determining whether certain strains of this genus are linked to specific clinical condition in a given host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Genetic Diversity of Picobirnavirus: A Classification Update Based on Phylogenetic and Pairwise Sequence Comparison Approaches

Pérez

Cloherty

Berg

2021

Viruses

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Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) are small, double stranded RNA viruses with an ability to infect a myriad of hosts and possessing a high degree of genetic diversity. PBVs are currently classified into two genogroups based upon classification of a 200 nt sequence of RdRp. We demonstrate here that this phylogenetic marker is saturated, affected by homoplasy, and has high phylogenetic noise, resulting in 34% unsolved topologies. By contrast, full-length RdRp sequences provide reliable topologies that allow ancestralism of members to be correctly inferred. MAFFT alignment and maximum likelihood trees were established as the optimal methods to determine phylogenetic relationships, providing complete resolution of PBV RdRp and capsid taxa, each into three monophyletic groupings. Pairwise distance calculations revealed these lineages represent three species. For RdRp, the application of cutoffs determined by theoretical taxonomic distributions indicates that there are five genotypes in species 1, eight genotypes in species 2, and three genotypes in species 3. Capsids were also divided into three species, but sequences did not segregate into statistically supported subdivisions, indicating that diversity is lower than RdRp. We thus propose the adoption of a new nomenclature to indicate the species of each segment (e.g., PBV-C1R2).

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“…After infection of ruminant and porcine hosts, the course of the disease can range from subclinical to wasting to fatal. BVDV-1, BVDV-2, and BDV can infect cattle, sheep, goats, other ruminants as well as domestic pigs and wild boar [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. In contrast, the natural host range of the widely distributed porcine pestiviruses CSFV and atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is restricted to domestic pigs and wild boar [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Tunisian Sheep-like Virus, Bungowannah Virus and Border Disease Virus Infection in the Porcine Host

Meyer

Postel

Wiedemann

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Apart from the established pestivirus species Pestivirus A to Pestivirus K novel species emerged. Pigs represent not only hosts for porcine pestiviruses, but are also susceptible to bovine viral diarrhea virus, border disease virus (BDV) and other ruminant pestiviruses. The present study focused on the characterization of the ovine Tunisian sheep-like virus (TSV) as well as Bungowannah virus (BuPV) and BDV strain Frijters, which were isolated from pigs. For this purpose, we performed genetic characterization based on complete coding sequences, studies on virus replication in cell culture and in domestic pigs, and cross-neutralization assays using experimentally derived sera. TSV forms a distinct phylogenetic group more closely related to Pestivirus C (classical swine fever virus, CSFV) than to Pestivirus D (BDV). In contrast to BDV and BuPV, TSV replicates by far more efficiently on ovine than on porcine cells. Nevertheless, pigs were susceptible to TSV. As a consequence of close antigenic relatedness of TSV to CSFV, cross-reactivity was detected in CSFV-specific antibody assays. In conclusion, TSV is genetically closely related to CSFV and can replicate in domestic pigs. Due to close antigenic relatedness, field infections of pigs with TSV and other ruminant pestiviruses can interfere with serological diagnosis of classical swine fever.

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Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: Recent Findings about Its Occurrence in Pigs

Cited by 21 publications

References 53 publications

Seroprevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Local Borana Cattle Breed and Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Ethiopia

Seroprevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Local Borana Cattle Breed and Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Ethiopia

Understanding the Genetic Diversity of Picobirnavirus: A Classification Update Based on Phylogenetic and Pairwise Sequence Comparison Approaches

Comparative Analysis of Tunisian Sheep-like Virus, Bungowannah Virus and Border Disease Virus Infection in the Porcine Host

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