A cross-sectional study was carried out between April and November 2015 to investigate the sero-prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in cattle in Borena zone using 3ABC-Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) to detect antibody against foot-and-mouth disease virus and semi structured questionnaire. A total of 363 sera samples were collected from nine peasant associations found in three different districts. An overall seroprevalence of 42.7% (95%: CI= 37.7-47.84) was found during the study. There was statistically significant difference among the districts (χ 2 = 10.43, p=0.005) and the highest prevalence was found in Dire district which accounted for 52.8% (95%: CI, 44.0-61.4). The highest sero-prevalence was recorded in Soda peasant association of Dire district and Surupa peasant association of Yabello district which accounted for 65.5% (95%: CI, 49.4-78.5) and 65.0% (95%: CI= 40.4-78.5), respectively. Statistical significant difference in footand-mouth disease seroprevalence (χ 2 =31.1, p=0.000) was found among the peasant associations. Similarly, there was significance difference (χ 2 =17.4, p=0.000) in the prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease between age groups. Though the seroprevalence foot-and-mouth disease was higher in females than in males, there was no significant difference (χ2=1.63, p=0.202) between sex. The different risk factors analyzed during this study indicated that, peasant associations (PAs), district and age were seen to be significantly associated (p<0.05) with the seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease. The questionnaire survey revealed that foot-and-mouth disease outbreak was commonly seen during June to August (Short rainy season) and December to February (Long dry season), locally called Adolessa and Bona, respectively. Younger (1-3 years) animals were most susceptible than calf and adults (>3years). Moreover, an extrinsic factor like dry season enforces pastoralist to travel a longer distance to look for grazing lands and water sources that creates 56 Asamenew Tesfaye et al.,

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A cross sectional study was conducted between November, 2013 and June, 2014 to determine the prevalence of chicken coccidiosis, identify Eimeria species and assess different risk factors in free ranging and intensively managed chickens. Test tube flotation technique was used for qualitative study of coccidian oocysts. Of 384 chickens examined, an overall prevalence of 19.5% (75) Among different species of Eimeria isolated Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina were identified to be the major cause of the disease and each accounted 29(38.7%) of the total isolate of infected birds followed by 13.33% Eimeria necatrix and 9.33% Eimeria maxima. In conclusion, the present study showed that coccidiosis was an important disease of poultry in the study area and therefore, poultries infected with this parasite should be treated, chicken house should be periodically cleaned and disinfected as well as effective biosecurity measures should be in place.

Background: Abortion is considered an important disease problem of small ruminants in Borana pastoral area. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of chlamydiosis, coxiellosis (Q-fever) and brucellosis in small ruminants in selected districts of Borana zone. Results: A total of 506 sheep and goats were tested using serological tests. Fifty (9.88%; 95% CI: 7.42, 12.82), 144 (28.46%; 95% CI: 24.56, 32.61) and none (0.00%; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.59) of them were positive for chlamydiosis, coxiellosis and brucellosis, respectively. History of abortion was recorded in 136 (32.00%; CI: 27.59, 36.67) of sheep and goats in the study area. The logistic regression analysis, however, showed that statistically significant difference ccurred among districts and between the species of small ruminants. The prevalence odd of antibodies against C. abortus was significantly lower in Miyo, Dire and Teltelle districts compared to Dillo. The odd of infection with this bacterium was lower in sheep than goats. Similarly the odd of infection with C. burnettii was significantly higher in Dillo district than the rest of the districts studied, higher in goats than sheep and higher in adult animals than young ones. Conclusion: High prevalence of abortion is observed in sheep and goats in the study area. High seropositivity of C. burnetii and C. abortus in both sheep and goats tested implies risks of human infection by both diseases. Thus, attention needs to be paid to further study of both diseases in animals and humans in the area.

A survey was undertaken from December 2017 to April 2018 to assess the biosecurity status of 44 commercial chicken farms established in Bishoftu town, Ethiopia, by interviewing farm owners using a structured questionnaire. The obtained data were summarized using frequency tables and analyzed with Pearson’s chi-square test and Fischer’s exact value using Stata 14 statistical software. From the assessed chicken farms, 31 (70.45%) were located within 0–50 m from the main road, 39 (88.64%) situated 500 m from the nearest farms, and 27 (61.36%) placed within 0–20 m from the residential areas. Forty-one (93.18%) participants disclosed that their employees did not receive training on biosecurity. From the assessed chicken farms, 30 (68.18%) had fences, 40 (90.91%) had footbaths at their gates, 31 (70.45%) prohibited visitors entrance, and 39 (88.64%) did not exchange equipment with other farms. In addition, 26 (59.09%) farms were easily accessed by wild birds, each of 42 (95.45%) farms purchased day-old chicks and feed, and 40 (90.91%) shared trucks with other farms as well. Among the assessed farms, only 2 (4.55%) had signages to restrict people’s access, 9 (20.45%) had isolation rooms for diseased chickens, 14 (31.82%) disposed of dead birds properly, and 10 (22.73%) kept various types of records. Occupation (Fischer’s exact value = 8.40; P = 0.019 ), previous training (Fischer’s exact value = 4.40; P = 0.044 ), source of the premises (χ2 = 5.50; P = 0.019 ), and farm capacity (Fischer’s exact value = 13.50; P = 0.002 ) were found statistically significantly associated with the farm biosecurity status. The farm biosecurity status was found to be good in farms that were run by civil servants, had trained employees, are owned premises, and were of large and medium scales. In conclusion, the higher poor biosecurity status on chicken farms calls for the implementation of good biosecurity practices in each farm as well as the provision of training to the farm owners and their employees.

The study was conducted during September, 2008 to 2009 in East Showa Zone, Akaki district to determine the prevalence of mastitis, identify risk factors, isolate and identify major bacterial causes and conduct in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test. Forty six (46) small holder dairy farms and 200 dairy cows were selected by one stage cluster sampling. Questionnaire survey, farm inspection and clinical examination of cows were used to collect data. Milk samples which were positive on california mastitis test (CMT) was collected aseptically using sampling bottles and transported to veterinary microbiology laboratory at Addis Ababa University, Faculty of veterinary medicine for bacteriological study. The prevalence of clinical mastitis at herd, cow and quarter level accounted 17.3, 3.0 and 1.2%, respectively whereas 60.8% herd, 25.0% cow and 12.7% at quarter level during subclinical mastitis. Major bacterial isolates in subclinical mastitis include Staphylococcus aureus (38.9%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus (23.4%), Bacillus spp. (10.4%), Escherichia coli (7.8%), Streptococcus agalactiae (6.5%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.3%), Staphylococcus uberis (1.3%) and Staphylococcus intermidius (5.2%). Likewise during clinical mastitis, S. agalactiae and S. aureus accounted (33.3%) and (22.2%), respectively. Univariate logistic regression indicated that stage of lactation, parity number, teat lesion and milking mastitic cow at last had significant effect (p < 0.05) on prevalence of mastitis. The in vivo antimicrobial sensitivity tests showed that gentamicin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol and vancomycin were the most effective antibiotics, followed by streptomycin and penicillin; bacitracin, polymxin and amoxicillin were least effective drugs.

Background: Bovine viral diarrhea, caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), has been considered a disease of cattle but is now emerging in camels. In Ethiopia it has been detected in exotic and cross-bred dairy cattle but no information is available on its occurrence in indigenous cattle breeds and camels. This study was, therefore, conducted to estimate the prevalence of BVDV infection in indigenous Borana cattle and camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Moyale and Miesso pastoral districts. Methodology: Serological investigation was carried out on 219 cattle from 44 herds and 137 camels from 11 herds in contact with the selected cattle herds in Boranara zone and 348 camels from 41 herds in Shinille zone. The sera samples were tested using a competitive enzyme lnked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) to detect antibodies against p80 protein of BVDV. In addition, all of the cattle sera were tested using antigen detection ELISA for identification of persistent infection. Results: Among the 219 cattle tested, 177 (80.82%; 95% CI: 74.97-85.81) were found to be positive for antibodies against BVDV in Moyale district, Borena Zone. The prevalence varied among different age groups and parity. The highest prevalence was observed in cattle aged 8 years and older (84.0%; 95% CI: 69.6-98.4) and in primiparous cattle (85.5%; 95% CI: 76.2-94.8). Two of the 219 cattle tested (0.05%; 95% CI: 0.02-0.08) were found to be positive with antigen detection ELISA. In addition, out of a total of 137 camels tested, two (1.46%; 95% CI: 0.18-5.17) were found to be positive in this district. Among the 348 camels tested, eight (2.29%; 95% CI: 0.99-4.485) were found to be positive for antibodies against BVDV. In conclusion, this study revealed a high prevalence of infection in Borana cattle. In addition, it recorded the occurrence of infection with BVDV in camel herds. None of the camels tested positive for the antigen of BVDV using antigen ELISA.

The occurrence of foramen ovale patens was investigated in four different meat-type pig breeds: Slovak White Improved (WI), Landrace (LA), Slovak meat-type (SM) and a crossbreed of Pietrain x Slovak meat-type (PN x SM) at the Station for Research and Meat Quality Evaluation. The highest incidence of foramen ovale patens (FOP) cases was recorded in the SM breed (13.7 %) and the least in the LA breed (10.5 %). Two sizes of the openings were registered (2 and 3 mm diameter). Only the 2 mm size gap was observed in the PN x SM crossbreed. This defect was observed in all siklines of Wi, all four lines of LA and all three lines of SM and PNxSM. No case of FOP was found in the Pietrain (PN breed). Only 2 mm size gaps were found in the crossbreed PN x SM. Therefore it is important to look for a rise of this heart defect in crossbreed lines of these two breeds