Bovine serum albumin-imprinted magnetic poly(2-pyrrolidone) microparticles for protein recognition

Abstract

This study reports on the synthesis and adsorption properties of molecularly imprinted porous magnetic microparticles (MIP) based on the biodegradable and sustainable poly(2-pyrrolidone) (PPD or PA4). These new PPD MIP materials were obtained via activated anionic ring-opening polymerization of 2-pyrroldone carried out at 40°C, in the presence of iron fillers and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a template. Neither solvent, nor additional crosslinking or porogen agents were used in the PPD MIP synthesis. Analogously, PPD particles without BSA imprinting (NIP) were also produced. Depending on the microparticles composition, their yields were in the 55-70 wt% range, the average size varying between 8 and 25 µm. After characterization of the surface topography of all samples, their adsorption capacity toward the BSA target was assessed as a function of the adsorption time, protein concentration and pH of the medium. All three PPD MIP samples displayed adsorption capacity toward BSA being up to one order of magnitude higher as compared to other BSA-imprinted polymer systems. It was found that the rebinding of BSA on MIP is best described by the Langmuir isotherm, whereas for rebinding on NIP the Freundlich isotherm was the more adequate model. On this basis, the nature of the adsorption on MIP and NIP was discussed. The adsorption toward two other proteins, namely Ovalbumin and Cytochrome C was also tested. The newly synthesized BSA-imprinted PPD MIP displayed selective adsorption for the BSA target being dependent on the pH values of the medium. The easy recovery of the Fe-containing MIP and the capacity of all MIP samples for multiple sorption/desorption cycles was demonstrated.

Polymer-Assisted Biocatalysis: Polyamide 4 Microparticles as Promising Carriers of Enzymatic Function

“…Evidently, the laccase adsorption occurs in multilayers, implying lateral intra-and interlayer interactions between adsorption sites. This finding is in good agreement with our previous work on protein adsorption upon similar PA4 microparticles [28] proving that without special treatment of the PA4 support the adsorption data are consistent with the Freundlich isotherm, thus proving the multilayer adsorption model.…”

“…A typical shortcoming of PA4 is the intense degradation that precedes or accompanies the melting occurring normally in the broad range of 230-260 • C [24,36]. As shown previously, the presence of a model protein adsorbed onto PA4 microparticles can significantly increase the thermal resistance of the latter [28]. The TGA traces of all samples in this work displayed in Figure 5 confirm that the presence of laccase in the PA4@iL series can also considerably improve the thermal stability of the supports.…”

“…The Fe-and Fe 3 O 4 containing PA4 microparticles become less spherical, as seen from the roundness parameter d max /d min (Table 1, Figure S2). This means that the PA4-Fe MP would contain in their core up to 4-5 iron microparticles whose proper size is 3-5 µm, while the PA4-Fe 3 O 4 core would expectedly contain iron oxide particles in the nanometer length scale [24,28]. The d max /d min in the range of 3-4 found in both magnetic empty supports are attributable to self-assembly of magnetized Fe and Fe 3 O 4 to higher aspect ratio aggregates with their subsequent coating with PA4 during the AAROP.…”

“…Evidently, the neat and magnetic responsive PA4 microparticles combine most of the requirements for effective supports of biomolecules. Moreover, they have already been found to be good supports for model proteins [24] or to be used in molecular imprinting [28].…”

Suspension polymerization of 2‐pyrrolidone in the presence of CO2 and organic promoters

“…[4][5][6] Furthermore, PBL could be decomposed in activated sludge, compost soils, in vivo and even in seawater. [7][8][9][10][11] Therefore, as a novel bio-based and biodegradable polyamide, PBL may not only be potentially utilized as a high-performance material in traditional and biomedical fields, [12][13][14][15] but also help to alleviate the fossil energy crisis and white pollution. Although PBL exhibits such excellent performance, it has never been commercialized due to obstacles in large-scale polymerization.…”