Bovine papillomavirus in beef cattle: first description of BPV-12 and putative type BAPV8 in Brazil

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) is an oncogenic virus associated with benign and malignant lesions, which result in notable economic losses. Peripheral blood samples and cutaneous papillomas were obtained from four adult beef cattle. Viral molecular identification was performed using specific primers for BPV-1, -2 and -4 in blood diagnosis and FAP59/FAP64 for skin papillomas. Histopathologic examination was done as a complementary and differential diagnosis. The fragments were purified, sequenced, and compared using BLASTn. The blood diagnosis showed the presence of BPV-2 and the analysis of cutaneous papillomas showed the presence of BPV-4, a new First description of BPV-12 and putative type BAPV8 in Brazil putative virus type BAPV8, and BPV-12, revealing for the first time the presence of BPV-12 and the putative type BAPV8 in beef cattle in Brazil. The sequences were deposited in the GenBank. Histopathology revealed acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, and koilocytosis in all samples analyzed. The presence of BAPV8 and BPV-12 in Brazil emphasizes the ubiquitous dissemination of BPVs in the herds of Brazil.

Pathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of skin and teat papillomas in cattle

“…Koilocytes with vacuolated cytoplasm and distorted nuclei were detected in all teat papillomas and found as an important factor in the designation of papillomatous proliferation. In accordance with our results, the presence of koilocytosis in warts is considered a prominent sign of the disease and represents a cytopathic effect of PV infection, showing the presence of degenerating, dying cells, highlighted by a prominent halo (15,19). Although both epithelial and mesenchymal cell lines have been reported to be infected by PVs, viral replication is limited to the basal epithelial cells, which stimulate hyperproliferation and hyperplasia with the formation of warts (4,5,9,14).…”

“…The reason for the predominant occurrence of warts on the neck might be due to the traumatized skin induced by metal chains used for stabilization of cattle during the winter season in this region. Histopathological examination demonstrated that epidermal lesions of warts mainly consisted of squamous epithelial thickening, hyperkeratosis, and acanthosis with koilocytes having shrunken dark nuclei surrounded by a clear halo, which are hallmarks of the benign papilloma lesions caused by BPV (2,16,18,19). In addition to epithelial hyperplasia, BPV evokes a severe connective tissue proliferation, characteristic of cutaneous papillomatosis.…”

Molecular identification of bovine papillomaviruses in dairy and beef cattle: first description of Xi- and Epsilonpapillomavirus in Turkey

“…In the epidermis, mild to severe acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, prominent parakeratosis, mild to moderate basophilic cytoplasmic swelling, vacuolar degeneration of keratinocytes, and many koilocytes (including keratohyalin granules) were present. Moreover, similar histopathologic features in BPV infection have been previously reported in cattle from Brazil (15,23,24) and from Italy (17,25), and in water buffaloes and cattle from Turkey (19)(20)(21) and from India (26).…”

Bos taurus papillomavirus activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: demonstrating a productive infection

“…In this study, PCR results showed the co-infection of BPV-1, -2 and -4 in PBMCs, which has already been described in peripheral blood (Carvalho et al, 2013;Araldi et al, 2014a). These BPV types are the most frequently identified and are associated with bladder and gastrointestinal cancers (Campo, 1997).…”

“…The same authors also suggest that the peripheral blood could act as a viral disseminator (Král et al, 2015). Recent studies have reinforced the role of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as virus carriers, showing that BPV is present in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes (Roperto et al, 2008;Araldi et al, 2014a) and the detection of BPV activity in PBMCs by the comet assay (Araldi et al, 2013a) and flow cytometry (Roperto et al, 2011).…”