Bounds for Low Probability of Detection for Underwater Acoustic Communication

Diamant, Roee; Lampe, Lutz; Gamroth, Emmett

doi:10.1109/joe.2016.2550278

Cited by 24 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Until the last decade, CUAC was established by reducing the SNR and spreading the waveform through Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) [13], Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) [14] and other modulation techniques. It was realized however that as the enemy approaches towards the transmitter the LPD constraint communication signal is perceived by the eavesdropper as the SNR is increased by limiting the distance [15]. It is similar to the situation of two people having a secret talk and when a third person approaches them, their communication doesnot remain covert.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is similar to the situation of two people having a secret talk and when a third person approaches them, their communication doesnot remain covert. Scientists have given a lot of contributions to increase the covert distance but it cannot be true for all regions [15][16][17]. This technique gives perfect CUAC for a bounded region but it doesnot remain covert for all communication ranges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bionic Morse Coding Mimicking Humpback Whale Song for Covert Underwater Communication

et al. 2019

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A novel method of bionic Morse coding mimicking humpback whale vocal is presented for covert underwater acoustic communication. The complex humpback whale song is translated as bionic Morse codes based on information entropy. The communication signal is made akin to the natural singing of male humpback whales. The intruder can detect the signal but will not be able to recognize the communication signal due to unified resemblance with the natural sound. This novel technique gives an excellent low probability of recognition characteristics. A flawless stealthy underwater acoustic communication has been established which has negligible chances of deciphered with high imperceptibility. Standard mimicry Morse codes have been developed for the characters of the English language and compared with Morse coding. Covert information of one character per second can be watermarked with perfect stealth and clandestine communication. This novel concept has been verified at transmission distance of five km and less than 10−3 Bit Error Rate (BER) is achieved at Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) down to negative seven dB. Zero BER is attained by estimating the channel by a matching pursuit algorithm and equalizing the errors by virtual time reversal mirror technique.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bionic Morse Coding Mimicking Humpback Whale Song for Covert Underwater Communication

et al. 2019

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“…In this circumstance, the adversary should have a low probability of detection (LPD) of the transmitted message. Such scenarios arise in underwater acoustic communication [1] and dynamic spectrum access in wireless channels, where secondary users attempt to communicate without being detected by primary users or users wish to avoid the attention of regulatory entities [2]. The information theory for the low probability detection communication was first characterized on AWGN channels in This [3] and DMCs in [2] [4], and later in [5] and [6] on BSC and MIMO AWGN channels, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-shot achievability and converse bounds of Gaussian random coding in AWGN channels under covert constraint

Wei

Luo

2019

2019 57th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton)

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It is well known that finite blocklength plays an important role in the analysis of practical communication. This paper considers the achievability and converse bounds on the maximal channel coding rate (throughput) at a given blocklength and error probability in covert communication over AWGN channels. The covert constraint is in the form of an upper bound of total variation distance (TVD). For the achievability, Gaussian random coding scheme is adopted for convenience in the analysis of TVD. The classical results of finite blocklength regime are not applicable in this case. By revisiting [18], we first present new and more general achievability bounds for random coding schemes under maximal or average probability of error requirements. The general bounds are then applied to covert communication in AWGN channels where codewords are generated from Gaussian distribution while meeting the maximal power constraint. We further show an interesting connection between attaining tight achievability and converse bounds and solving two total variation distance related minimax problems. Further comparison is made between the new achievability bound and existing one with deterministic codebooks. The TVD at the adversary is analyzed under the given coding scheme, and the power level induced by covert constraint is bounded by applications of divergence inequalities. Our thorough analysis thus leads us to a comprehensive characterization of the attainable throughput in covert communication over AWGN channels. The summary of the initial part of this paper was published in [29].

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“…From the perspective of the communication code waveform design, conventional covert communication methods can be divided as two categories [10]- [13], [18]- [22]. In the first category, those methods [10]- [13] try to gain the low probability of interception (LPI) by using the man-made communication signals (codes) with changed-parameters, such as frequency-hopping [10]- [12], time-hopping [13] and so on.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, the CW pulses have the distinct single-frequency feature in frequency-domain, and LFM pulses have the evident linear changed frequency feature [14] in frequency-domain, resulting in that these signals can be classified and identified [15]- [17] very easily. In the second category, those methods [18]- [22] try to gain the low probability of detection (LPD) by using low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) communication signals with LFM, FM-CW [18]- [20], or other stealth signals, such as pseudorandom [21] or chaotic codes [22]. Comparing with the first class of methods [10]- [13], the second class of methods obtain higher covertness because it is more difficult for low SNR communication signals to be detected by the enemy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Basic Bio-Inspired Camouflage Communication Frame Design and Applications for Secure Underwater Communication Among Military Underwater Platforms

et al. 2020

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Many marine mammal species, such as different kinds of whales and dolphins, live together in groups. Although having no nice eyesight, they can accomplish cooperative foraging, inter-communication and group sailing very efficiently and accurately only depending on their sound. Generally, present interception systems almost always classify biological signals as ocean noise and try to filter them out. In addition, the covertness and security are very important for many military underwater platforms (MUPs) and their formations. Based on above classification fact and covert communication demand, this article designs a basic bio-inspired camouflage communication frame (BBICCF) for secure underwater communication among military underwater platforms based on the killer whale sound. According to characteristics of the killer whales' original call pulse trains, the original long duration call pulses (whistles and pulsed calls) are utilized as communication address codes for each MUP so as to provide disguised communication addressing support for interconnection among multiple MUPs in the same formation, and the original short duration call pulses (clicks) are used as other communication codes, so as to construct BBICCF for highly camouflaged conveying communication information. A simple and effective time-frequency (TF) contour extraction method is proposed to achieve the accurate extraction of the TF contour of the fundamental frequency of whistles and pulsed calls of killer whales for efficient classification and decoding of address codes. Next, this article provides some extensions and applications about how to let the BBICCF to be applied in conventional communication networks for MUP formation. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness and concealment ability of designed BBICCF. INDEX TERMS Secure communication network, underwater communications, whale sound, underwater formation. I. INTRODUCTION With the development of technology, more and more autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), glider and varieties of formations composed of them are used in many military application scenarios from surveillance and anti-submarine, The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Xingwang Li. to reconnaissance and mine detection etc. [1]-[3]. Compared with single MUP, the formation composed of multiple MUPs can accomplish more complex, wider range, and more reliable military tasks [4], [5], just as multitudinous group animals in nature, such as whales, swarms, wolf packs etc.. However, the accomplishment of collaborative tasks among the MUPs, such as cooperative localization, sailing of multiple platforms, interaction of the order/data among multiple

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Bounds for Low Probability of Detection for Underwater Acoustic Communication

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Bionic Morse Coding Mimicking Humpback Whale Song for Covert Underwater Communication

Bionic Morse Coding Mimicking Humpback Whale Song for Covert Underwater Communication

One-shot achievability and converse bounds of Gaussian random coding in AWGN channels under covert constraint

A Basic Bio-Inspired Camouflage Communication Frame Design and Applications for Secure Underwater Communication Among Military Underwater Platforms

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