Boron doped silver-copper alloy nanoparticle targeting intracellular S. aureus in bone cells

Abstract

ObjectivesAlloyed metallic nanoparticles of silver and copper are effective against intracellular infection. However, systemic toxicity may arise due to the non-specific delivery of the nanoparticles. In addressing the issue, this study deals with the targeting of silver-copper-boron (ACB) nanoparticles to infected osteoblasts, which could decrease systemic toxicity and form the basis of targeting specific markers expressed in bone infections. MethodsACB nanoparticles were synthesized and conjugated to the Cadherin-11 antibody (OBAb). The effect of targeting nanoparticles against extracellular and intracellular S. aureus was determined by enumeration of bacterial growth. The binding of the targeting nanoparticles to infected osteoblasts as well as the visualization of live/dead bacteria due to treatment was carried out using fluorescence microscopy. MTT assay was used to determine the viability of osteoblasts with different concentrations of the nanoparticles. ResultsThe ACB nanoparticles conjugated to OBAb (ACB-OBAb) were effective against extracellular S. aureus. The ACB-OBAb nanoparticles showed a 1.32 log reduction of intracellular S. aureus at a concentration of 1mg/L. The ACB-OBAb nanoparticles were able to bind to the infected osteoblast and showed toxicity to osteoblasts at levels �20mg/L. Also, the percentage of silver, copper, and boron in the nanoparticles determined the effectiveness of their antibacterial activity. ConclusionThe ACB-OBAb nanoparticles were able to target the osteoblasts and demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against intracellular S. aureus. Targeting shows promise as a strategy to target specific markers expressed on infected osteoblasts for efficient

Synthesis and analysis of silver–copper alloy nanoparticles of different ratios manifest anticancer activity in breast cancer cells

“…The significant physio-chemical properties of nanoparticles that determine their biological interactions include size, shape, charge, agglomeration, dissolution and surface capping. In this work, we synthesized Ag-NP, Cu-NP, and three compositions of AgCu-NP by similar methods described earlier (Abdulrehman et al 2020). This reaction is identical to one-pot nanoparticle synthesis, following the nucleation and growth by LaMer and coworkers.…”

Advances in the Application of Nanomaterials as Treatments for Bacterial Infectious Diseases

“…Many NPs with bactericidal effects have been used to treat bone infection (such as osteomyelitis) or as part of the components of implants in the skeletal system [15,[129][130][131]. Bioactive nanostructured CaSi layers on titanium substrates constructed by electrospray deposition were shown to exert antibacterial effects against gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. aureus species, with additional osteogenic properties when coated on bone tissue [15].…”

“…Vancomycin-NPs produced with quaternary ammonium chitosan and carboxylated chitosan NPs using positive and negative charge adsorption promoted osteoblast proliferation and were effective against osteomyelitis caused by S. aureus infection [129]. Silver-copper-boron (ACB) NPs were also used to treat infected osteoblasts by targeting intracellular S. aureus in bone cells, decreasing systemic toxicity and forming the basis of targeting specific markers expressed in bone infections [130]. In addition to antimicrobial effects, NPs are effective at promoting bone regeneration during the treatment of bone infection or as part of the components of implants in the skeletal system ex vivo and in vivo.…”

Biopolymers-calcium phosphate antibacterial coating reduces the pathogenicity of internalized bacteria by mesenchymal stromal cells

“…Studies dealing with the interaction of S. aureus with osteoblasts or stromal cells showed a bacterial adhesion to the cell membranes, followed by their internalization. 29,[32][33][34][35] S. aureus produce microbial surface component recognising adhesive matrix molecules, involved in the bacterial interaction with extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin 36 . Fibronectin is thought to be used by the bacteria to form a molecular bridge between the bacterial surface proteins and α5β1 integrin.…”

“…Indeed, all the literature dealing with S. aureus internalization is focused on the internalization mechanism of different types of cells including osteoblasts and stromal cells cultured on TCPS. 29,[32][33][34][35] To this end, this work investigates whether Hybrid coating could be used to potentially fight bacterial infection in bone, by killing bacteria and minimising stromal cells/bacteria interaction. We first investigated the antibacterial effect of the Hybrid coating against two bacteria strains, Gram-positive S. aureus, responsible for 75% of bone infections, 31 and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), the most studied bacterium for biofilm formation.…”