Prosthesis and joint infections are an important threat in public health, especially due to the development of bacterial biofilms and their high resistance to antimicrobials. Biofilm-associated infections increase mortality and morbidity rates as well as hospitalization costs. Prevention is the best strategy for this serious issue, so there is an urgent need to understand the signals that could induce irreversible bacterial adhesion on a prosthesis. In this context, we investigated the influence of the bone environment on surface adhesion by a methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strain. Using static and dynamic biofilm models, we tested various bone environment factors and showed that the presence of Mg2+, lack of oxygen, and starvation each increased bacterial adhesion. It was observed that human osteoblast-like cell culture supernatants, which contain secreted components that would be found in the bone environment, increased bacterial adhesion capacity by 2-fold (p = 0.015) compared to the medium control. Moreover, supernatants from osteoblast-like cells stimulated with TNF-α to mimic inflammatory conditions increased bacterial adhesion by almost 5-fold (p = 0.003) without impacting on the overall biomass. Interestingly, the effect of osteoblast-like cell supernatants on bacterial adhesion could be counteracted by the activity of synthetic antibiofilm peptides. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that factors within the bone environment and products of osteoblast-like cells directly influence S. aureus adhesion and could contribute to biofilm initiation on bone and/or prosthetics implants.
A multifunctional material system that kills bacteria and drives bone healing is urgently sought to improve bone prosthesis. Herein, the osteoinductive coating made of calcium phosphate/chitosan/hyaluronic acid, named Hybrid, was...
Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes are involved in several tissue infections and can encounter mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during their role in tissue regenerative process. C. acnes and S. aureus internalization by three types of MSCs derived from bone marrow, dental pulp and Wharton's jelly; and bacterial biofilm production were compared. Internalization rates ranged between 1.7%-6.3% and 0.8%-2.7% for C. acnes and S. aureus, respectively. While C. acnes strains exhibited limited cytotoxic effect on MSCs, S. aureus were more virulent with marked effect starting after only three hours of interaction. Both bacteria were able to produce biofilms with respectively aggregated and monolayered structures for C. acnes and S. aureus. The increase in C. acnes capacity to develop biofilm following MSCs’ internalization was not linked to the significant increase in number of live bacteria, except for bone marrow-MSCs/C. acnes CIP 53.117 with 79% live bacteria compared to the 36% before internalization. On the other hand, internalization of S. aureus had no impact on its ability to form biofilms composed mainly of living bacteria. The present study underlined the complexity of MSCs-bacteria cross-interaction and brought insights into understanding the MSCs behaviour in response to bacterial infection in tissue regeneration context.
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