Advances in the Application of Nanomaterials as Treatments for Bacterial Infectious Diseases

Abstract

Bacteria-targeting nanomaterials have been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. These nanomaterials show great potential as antimicrobial agents due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial capacity and relatively low toxicity. Recently, nanomaterials have improved the accurate detection of pathogens, provided therapeutic strategies against nosocomial infections and facilitated the delivery of antigenic protein vaccines that induce humoral and cellular immunity. Biomaterial implants, which have traditionally been hindered by bacterial colonization, benefit from their ability to prevent bacteria from forming biofilms and spreading into adjacent tissues. Wound repair is improving in terms of both the function and prevention of bacterial infection, as we tailor nanomaterials to their needs, select encapsulation methods and materials, incorporate activation systems and add immune-activating adjuvants. Recent years have produced numerous advances in their antibacterial applications, but even further expansion in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases is expected in the future.

Algal-Derived Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Unicellular ulvophyte sp. MBIC10591: Optimisation, Characterisation, and Biological Activities

“…Green synthesis has become a reliable and sustainable method for the biogenesis of several nanomaterials such as metallic nanoparticles (NPs) (M-NPs), metal oxide NPs, bimetallic NPs, and quantum dots [1]. NPs represent potent alternative drugs for several diseases, such as infectious diseases [2], cancers [3], diabetes [4], and wound healing [5], due to their unique features including their smaller size to larger surface area, various shapes, and sufficient reactivity facilitating their use for drug delivery, sensing, and catalysis, among others [6][7][8]. Generally, NPs are synthesised by three main methods: physical, chemical, and biological (green) syntheses [9].…”

Nanomaterials for Disease Treatment by Modulating the Pyroptosis Pathway

“…Broad-spectrum antibacterial ability; integration of diagnosis and treatment; improving specificity and sensitivity of theranostics. [38] Long-term biosafety of antibacterial nanomaterials is another major concern as it is usually associated with potential risks such as excessive or insufficient heating, undesired diffusion, and potential immune system impact. [35] Cardiovascular disease (CVD) To enhance diagnosis accuracy, nanomaterials that respond to early CVD biomarkers can be designed.…”

An Overview of Stimuli-Responsive Intelligent Antibacterial Nanomaterials

“…With the distinctive physical and chemical properties, nanomaterials can utilize distinct antimicrobial pathways different from antibiotics to exhibit antimicrobial activity [ 37 ]. Nanomaterials can interact with bacterial cell membranes via specific physical and chemical interactions, leading to membrane disruption, leakage of cytoplasmic components, and binding to cellular components such as enzymes, ribosomes, and DNA, resulting in the impairment of normal cellular tissues [ 38 ]. This interaction can induce oxidative stress, disrupt electrolyte balance, and inhibit bacterial metabolism [ 39 , 40 ].…”