An Overview of Stimuli-Responsive Intelligent Antibacterial Nanomaterials

Abstract

Drug-resistant bacteria and infectious diseases associated with biofilms pose a significant global health threat. The integration and advancement of nanotechnology in antibacterial research offer a promising avenue to combat bacterial resistance. Nanomaterials possess numerous advantages, such as customizable designs, adjustable shapes and sizes, and the ability to synergistically utilize multiple active components, allowing for precise targeting based on specific microenvironmental variations. They serve as a promising alternative to antibiotics with diverse medical applications. Here, we discuss the formation of bacterial resistance and antibacterial strategies, and focuses on utilizing the distinctive physicochemical properties of nanomaterials to achieve inherent antibacterial effects by investigating the mechanisms of bacterial resistance. Additionally, we discuss the advancements in developing intelligent nanoscale antibacterial agents that exhibit responsiveness to both endogenous and exogenous responsive stimuli. These nanomaterials hold potential for enhanced antibacterial efficacy by utilizing stimuli such as pH, temperature, light, or ultrasound. Finally, we provide a comprehensive outlook on the existing challenges and future clinical prospects, offering valuable insights for the development of safer and more effective antibacterial nanomaterials.

Biological Effects and Biomedical Applications of Areca Nut and Its Extract

“…The results indicated that clusters of AgNPs were observed adhering to the surface of the bacterial cell walls, suggesting potential harm to the cell membranes [ 105 ]. This composite nanoparticle has been increasingly utilized as a promising and efficient antibacterial agent in recent years [ 106 ]. The addition of areca leaf extract to chitosan and chitosan/vanillin (CH/Vn) blend films has been shown to enhance the antibacterial activity of chitosan films [ 107 ].…”

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