Bootstrap ARDL on Health Expenditure, CO2 Emissions, and GDP Growth Relationship for 18 OECD Countries

Wang, Chen; Hsueh, Hsin-Pei; Li, Fangjhy; Wu, Cheng-Feng

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2019.00324

Cited by 46 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Likewise, the research of (Nikzadian et al, 2019) for OPEC nations on the nexus between health care expenditure and natural resources using a dataset from 2002 to 2015 and panel OLS reported that natural resources impact healthcare expenditure positively. Similarly, the study of (Wang et al, 2019) using a dataset from 1975 to 2017 and bootstrap ARDL for the case of 18 OECD nations unveiled a long-run association among CO 2 , economic expansion and health expenditure. In addition, the authors observed feedback causal interconnectedness between healthcare expenditure and CO 2 in New Zealand and Norway.…”

Section: Synopsis Of Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Does Carbon Emissions, and Economic Expansion Induce Health Expenditure in China: Evidence for Sustainability Perspective

Xiu¹,

Ameer²,

Abbas³

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The current paper assesses the drivers of health care expenditure such as urbanization, natural resources, economic expansion, and CO2 utilizing quarterly data from 2000Q1 to 2018Q4. The research applied the novel dual adjustment approach to identify the long run association between healthcare expenditure and urbanization, economic growth, natural resource and CO2 emissions. The main novelty of the dual adjustment approach is that the approach offers another way to cointegration analysis by relaxing the implicit assumption of the singular adjustment in cointegration analysis. The outcome of the dual adjustment approach affirmed cointegration among the variables in the long run. Furthermore, we applied fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) estimators and their results disclosed that economic growth, urbanization, and CO2 emissions increase health care expenditure while natural resource rent mitigates healthcare expenditure in China. Moreover, the spectral causality test uncovered that urbanization, economic growth, natural resource, and CO2 emissions can predict healthcare expenditure at various frequencies. Based on these findings, China’s policymakers should establish strategic environmental management policies that improve healthy and clean air to reduce healthcare costs. In addition, policymakers in China should reevaluate their urban development strategies to avoid negative externalities associated with fast urbanization.

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Section: Synopsis Of Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Does Carbon Emissions, and Economic Expansion Induce Health Expenditure in China: Evidence for Sustainability Perspective

Xiu¹,

Ameer²,

Abbas³

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…C.-M. Wang, Hsueh, Li, and Wu (2019) described the association among emission of CO2, health expenditures, and economic development of 18 OECD countries. For the analysis, the data was taken from 1975-2017.…”

Section: Health Expenditures With Economic Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Emissions of Carbon Dioxide from the Cement Industry, Health Expenditures and Economic Growth in Pakistan

et al. 2021

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Carbon Dioxide emissions are not suitable for human health, and it also creates hurdles in the economic growth of any economy. The current study aims to reinvestigate the impact of greenhouse gases like CO2 emissions, including other gases, in the cement industry of Pakistan and its outcome in the shape of an increase in the health expenditures of the citizens. The study employs the ARDL methodology to find the empirical results in the short and long run. For the empirical analysis, the study used time-series data from the WDI database and covered the range from 1990 to 2019. The study finds a strong relationship between CO2 emissions from the cement industry, health expenditures, and economic growth in Pakistan. There is a uni-directional causality running from CO2 emission to health expenses in both the short and long run. The present study makes a significant contribution to the literature on industrial economics and energy economics and its effects on the well-being of people in society. The study explains the changes in the health expenditures of people by considering the emission of CO2 from the cement industry, which is a new dimension in the case of Pakistan. Moreover, the study suggested that the government and policymakers should make environment-friendly and eco-friendly policies to clean the environment for better health and high economic growth. The government should encourage investors to invest in green technology to increase production capacity and improve the environment.

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“…Finally, the third analysis focused on the link between CO2 emissions and health care costs. Many investigations have focused on one-way causality from CO2 emissions to health spending and have discovered favorable links (Wang et al, 2019). Previous research has recommended methods to support pollution reduction and environmental preservation, such as investing in low-carbon development and improving climate resilience, emphasizing increasing investments in the healthcare sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Sustainability and Ecological Footprint towards Health Expenditure: A Conceptual Paper

Kadir¹,

Hussin²,

Mansor³

et al. 2021

IJAREMS

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Urban Sustainability is one of the most important agendas for a country to focus on as it makes the society and communities live in balance and defensible. The pleasant surrounding will create better production and economic growth. Most of the researchers found that the urban population will increase environmental degradation. It is involved the destruction of the environment and is included as one of the ecological footprints produced by humanity. The ecological footprint will increase and affect the health level of the nation. People may suffer skin irritation because of air pollution, diarrhea from water pollution, and others. Urbanization itself may directly influence health expenditure as it refers to the demographic transition from rural to urban. Since the population of urban is increasing, their health spending also increases. This paper will provide a conceptual framework on the relationship between urban sustainability and ecological footprints on health expenditure which can help spread the importance of urbanization policy to reduce the ecological footprint and spending. Therefore, the government may focus on other types of expenditure for the country's development.

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Bootstrap ARDL on Health Expenditure, CO2 Emissions, and GDP Growth Relationship for 18 OECD Countries

Cited by 46 publications

References 42 publications

Does Carbon Emissions, and Economic Expansion Induce Health Expenditure in China: Evidence for Sustainability Perspective

Does Carbon Emissions, and Economic Expansion Induce Health Expenditure in China: Evidence for Sustainability Perspective

Relationship between Emissions of Carbon Dioxide from the Cement Industry, Health Expenditures and Economic Growth in Pakistan

Urban Sustainability and Ecological Footprint towards Health Expenditure: A Conceptual Paper

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