Relationship between Emissions of Carbon Dioxide from the Cement Industry, Health Expenditures and Economic Growth in Pakistan

Rais, Syed Imran; Mansoor, Abdul; Ahmed, Noman; Shah, Sajjad Hussain; Sultana, Baserat

doi:10.52131/joe.2021.0302.0031

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Indoor illumination intensity indicates the light conditions of the greenhouse, while it also controls the heat storage and release of the backwall. Hence, the analysis of the illumination intensity of the three compartments was the premise of this study [21,[31][32][33][34] .…”

Section: Inside and Outside Illumination Intensity Of The Greenhousementioning

confidence: 99%

Application performances of two greenhouses with new types of backwall in Yangling, China

Sun¹,

Wang²,

Zhu³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

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In order to investigate the application performances of the solar greenhouses with new types of backwalls (greenhouse W 2 , and greenhouse W 3 ) and the ordinary clay brick backwall greenhouse (greenhouse W 1 ), and provide a theoretical basis for the construction of solar greenhouses in Yangling Demonstration Zone, Shaanxi, China, two greenhouses with different new types of backwall were designed. One of the backwall was built with lightweight aggregate concrete block (greenhouse W 2 ) and that of the other one was assembled with a row of sand-filled cement pipes (greenhouse W 3 ). The tested greenhouses were constructed in Yangling Demonstration Zone. Based on the data collected on typical sunny and cloudy days, the indoor temperature, inside wall temperature, and the heat flow of the greenhouses with new types of backwalls were compared with those detected in the ordinary clay brick backwall solar greenhouse, and the tested results were numerically simulated. According to the comparison of the physiological indicators of tomatoes planted in the greenhouses and the construction costs, the greenhouse type with the best practicability was found. The results indicated that: The average air temperature in greenhouses W 1 , W 2 , and W 3 and outside was 15.1°C, 15.9°C, 17.3°C, and −0.4°C on the night of a sunny day, and the air temperature in W 3 was the highest. The average air temperature in greenhouses W 1 , W 2 , and W 3 and outside were 9.5°C, 13.3°C, 11.0°C, and −5.5°C on the night of a cloudy day, the air temperature in W 2 was the highest. In the depth of 0-330 mm from the interface of the backwalls, the walls were obviously affected by the solar radiation, and the temperature changed greatly. The wall temperature on the sunny days exhibited an ascending order of W 1 , W 2 , and W 3 , while on the cloudy days was in the ascending order of W 1 , W 3 , and W 2 . The wall of W 3 absorbed the most heat during the daytime and released the most heat at night on a sunny day, while W 2 exhibited the second most heat absorption during the daytime, however, it exhibited the highest heat release at night on a cloudy day, which were almost equaled to its heat absorption. Tomatoes in W 3 grew well and exhibited the highest yield, and this greenhouse had the lowest construction costs. Comprehensively considering the physiological indicators of tomatoes and the corresponding construction costs of greenhouses, W 3 has the best application performance in Yangling Demonstration Zone.

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Section: Inside and Outside Illumination Intensity Of The Greenhousementioning

confidence: 99%

Application performances of two greenhouses with new types of backwall in Yangling, China

Sun¹,

Wang²,

Zhu³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

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“…Japanese scholars focus on studying the carbon emissions of the domestic transportation industry and residents' lives. It developed corresponding emission reduction schemes according to each industry's energy technology and industrial distribution [8]. Chinese experts use the leap model to predict Shanghai's carbon emissions and energy consumption.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Carbon Emission on the Environment of High-Speed Vehicles on Highways for Intelligent Transportation Systems

Liu

Dou

2022

Mobile Information Systems

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The emergence of intelligent applications of the Internet of things (IoT) is facilitating human beings up to a great extent. However, numerous applications of the IoT have an adverse impact on our society and environment as well that needs to be dealt with properly to provide smart services to the end-users. For instance, the carbon emissions of vehicles from intelligent transportation systems (ITS) driving on highways are high due to low-carbon traffic management. Therefore, this paper studies the impact of high-speed vehicles on the road causing carbon emissions. For this purpose, Ford, Volkswagen, and Toyota models were used as test subjects to count relevant parameters during May and October 2020. Carbon emissions and vehicle speed on highways were calculated. The relationship between vehicle speed and fuel consumption on the expressway was also analyzed. The results confirm that the fuel consumption of Ford, Volkswagen, and Toyota is the lowest when the vehicle speed is 70 km/h, 80 km/h, and 90 km/h, respectively. The relationship between vehicle speed and carbon emissions in sunny and rainy weather is also analyzed based on the proposed model. It was concluded that the carbon emissions of Ford, Volkswagen, and Toyota are 6.24 mg/1000 km, 6.52 mg/1000 km, and 9.29 mg/1000 km, respectively, under sunny weather conditions. In contrast, the emissions continue to increase when the car accelerates. The driving speed range corresponding to the minimum carbon emissions per hundred kilometres of the three vehicles is 60–120 km/h. However, the carbon emissions of the three vehicles change in rainy weather. The minimum carbon emission of Ford is 6.07 mg/1000 km when the driving speed is within the range of 80–100 km/h. In comparison, Volkswagen and Toyota have the lowest carbon emissions of 6.23 mg/1000 km and 9.15 mg/1000 km, respectively, when the vehicle speed is in the range of 80–120 km/h. The results obtained in this paper establish a unique relationship between vehicle speed, type of vehicle, weather, and highway conditions for any application of the ITS.

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Relationship between Emissions of Carbon Dioxide from the Cement Industry, Health Expenditures and Economic Growth in Pakistan

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Application performances of two greenhouses with new types of backwall in Yangling, China

Application performances of two greenhouses with new types of backwall in Yangling, China

Effects of Carbon Emission on the Environment of High-Speed Vehicles on Highways for Intelligent Transportation Systems

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