Abstract:Amorphous metal oxides are attractive materials for various sensor applications, because of high electrical performance and easy processing. However, low absorption coefficient, slow photoresponse, and persistent photoconductivity of amorphous metal oxide films from the origin of deep-level defects are obstacles to their use as photonic applications. Here, we demonstrate ultrahigh photoresponsivity of organic-inorganic hybrid phototransistors featuring bulk heterojunction polymers and low-bandgap zinc oxynitri… Show more
“…The photocurrent increases with the increasing V G at fixed V SD ( V SD = 30 V), and increases with the increasing V SD at fixed V G ( V G = 9 V), which show the modulation of gate voltage and source-drain voltage on electronic signal. The gate voltage is considered to provide an efficient route for the charge dissociation in the OPT devices 38 . Higher drain voltage effectively draws electrons to weaken the recombination of photogenerated carriers 14,38 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The gate voltage is considered to provide an efficient route for the charge dissociation in the OPT devices 38 . Higher drain voltage effectively draws electrons to weaken the recombination of photogenerated carriers 14,38 . The reproducible photoswitch function in signal amplification and photodetection provides the OPTs potential applications in cost-effective flexible organic optoelectronics.Figure 4Dynamic photoresponse behavior of the PTCDI-C 13 H 27 thin-film phototransistor.…”
Development of conformal n-channel organic phototransistor (OPT) array is urgent for future applications of organic complementary circuits in portable and wearable electronics and optoelectronics. In this work, the ultrathin conformal OPT array based on air-stable n-type PTCDI-C13H27 was fabricated. The OPT array shows excellent electrical and photoelectrical performance, good device uniformity, and remains stable in electron mobility by 83% after 90 days compared to the initial values. Eventhough mobility, on-state current, off-state current, and photocurrent of PTCDI-C13H27 thin film phototransistor show slight decrease with the decreased bending radius, the device still remains the stable photosensitivity as high as 104 when the device is freely adhered on the 2D surfaces and 3D hemispherical sphere, which is in a class with the highest photosensitivity for perylene diimide derivatives. These results present the promising application potential of our conformable air-stable n-type PTCDI-C13H27 OPTs as the photodetection system of curved artificial compound eyes in wearable and portable electronics and optoelectronics.
“…The photocurrent increases with the increasing V G at fixed V SD ( V SD = 30 V), and increases with the increasing V SD at fixed V G ( V G = 9 V), which show the modulation of gate voltage and source-drain voltage on electronic signal. The gate voltage is considered to provide an efficient route for the charge dissociation in the OPT devices 38 . Higher drain voltage effectively draws electrons to weaken the recombination of photogenerated carriers 14,38 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The gate voltage is considered to provide an efficient route for the charge dissociation in the OPT devices 38 . Higher drain voltage effectively draws electrons to weaken the recombination of photogenerated carriers 14,38 . The reproducible photoswitch function in signal amplification and photodetection provides the OPTs potential applications in cost-effective flexible organic optoelectronics.Figure 4Dynamic photoresponse behavior of the PTCDI-C 13 H 27 thin-film phototransistor.…”
Development of conformal n-channel organic phototransistor (OPT) array is urgent for future applications of organic complementary circuits in portable and wearable electronics and optoelectronics. In this work, the ultrathin conformal OPT array based on air-stable n-type PTCDI-C13H27 was fabricated. The OPT array shows excellent electrical and photoelectrical performance, good device uniformity, and remains stable in electron mobility by 83% after 90 days compared to the initial values. Eventhough mobility, on-state current, off-state current, and photocurrent of PTCDI-C13H27 thin film phototransistor show slight decrease with the decreased bending radius, the device still remains the stable photosensitivity as high as 104 when the device is freely adhered on the 2D surfaces and 3D hemispherical sphere, which is in a class with the highest photosensitivity for perylene diimide derivatives. These results present the promising application potential of our conformable air-stable n-type PTCDI-C13H27 OPTs as the photodetection system of curved artificial compound eyes in wearable and portable electronics and optoelectronics.
“…[139,142,166,167] Xu et al demonstrated a poly(N-alkyl diketopyrrolo-pyrrole dithienylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (DPP-DTT): [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methylester (PCBM)-based phototransistor working at the NIR region, [138] in which the BHJ effectively trapped one type of charge and allowed the opposite charge transport to provide a high photocurrent gain. [48] A broader sensing range of up to 940 nm and a higher linear dynamic range of ≈122 dB is achieved by applying an in situ grown thin ZnO hole-blocking layer. Therefore, the photogenerated holes could circulate in the channel many times before being recombined with trapped electrons located in isolated PCBM domains.…”
Section: Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The application of organic phototransistors is promising for high‐performance NIR sensing. Various materials and devices have been reported for optical sensing covering the NIR region, and further device modifications based on phototransistors have made particularly for NIR sensing to boost the sensitivity . For organic thermoelectric devices, the role of OFETs is not for practical applications, but a powerful tool for fundamental study.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…High-sensitivity NIR photosensing plays a critical role in both defense and domestic applications, such as remote sensing, night vision, thermal imaging, and health monitoring. [47][48][49] For organic thermoelectric devices, the role of OFETs is not for practical applications, but a powerful tool for fundamental study. Compared with diode-like photodetectors, organic phototransistors demonstrated a much higher photoresponse covering the UV-visible-NIR region due to a different sensing mechanism.…”
The operating frequency of ring oscillators or radio-frequency identification tags made by OFETs have surpassed MHz. [27,28] With the growing level of integration and the operating frequency of OFETs, the power dissipation issue can no longer be ignored. Considering the material composition of most organic semiconductors, controlling the temperature rise within a reasonable range is important to avoid the unwanted degradation of organic materials and therefore maintain stable device operation. In addition, OFETs fabricated on flexi ble substrates somehow limit the use of conventional batteries. To avoid externally wiring the batteries, flexible OFET-based circuits can be expected to be self-powered by integrating them with organic solar cells, thermoelectric modules, or triboelectric nanogenerators. [29,30] All of these demands require OFETs operating with extremely low power consumption. Rapid progress has been made in this field, and research efforts have focused on reducing the operating voltage of OFETs, [31][32][33] enhancing the switching efficiency of transistors, [34][35][36][37] and demonstrating several novel device concepts for low-power applications. [38][39][40][41][42] Despite the switching function, OFETs can also be utilized in emerging energy-related applications, such as near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors and organic thermoelectric devices dueThe organic field-effect transistor (OFET) is the basic building block of integrated circuits. The charge carrier mobility and operating frequency of OFETs have continued to increase; therefore, the power dissipation of OFETs can no longer be ignored. Many research efforts have been made to develop low-power-consumption OFETs and complementary circuits. Despite the switching function, OFETs can also be utilized in emerging energy-related applications, such as near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors and organic thermoelectric devices. Organic phototransistors show considerably higher photo responsivity than other photodetector architectures due to field-effect charge modulation. The photoinduced gate modulating largely suppresses the dark current while simultaneously providing gain. These characteristics may favor NIR light detection and suggest that the organic phototransistor is a promising candidate for optoelectronic applications in the NIR regime. For organic thermoelectric applications, OFETs can work as a powerful tool for examining the charge and energy transport in the organic semiconductor, thus giving insight into organic thermoelectric studies. In this review, the authors highlight recent advances in OFET-related energy topics, including lowpower-consumption OFETs, NIR photodetectors, and organic thermoelectric devices. The remaining challenges in the field will also be discussed.
Metal oxide thin‐film transistors have been continuously researched and mass‐produced in the display industry. However, their phototransistors are still in their infancy. In particular, utilizing metal oxide semiconductors as phototransistors is difficult because of the limited light absorption wavelength range and persistent photocurrent (PPC) phenomenon. Numerous studies have attempted to improve the detectable light wavelength range and the PPC phenomenon. Here, recent studies on metal oxide phototransistors are reviewed, which have improved the range of light wavelengths and the PPC phenomenon by introducing an absorption layer of oxide or non‐oxide hybrid structure. The materials of the absorption layer applied to absorb long‐wavelength light are classified into oxides, chalcogenides, organic materials, perovskites, and nanodots. Finally, next‐generation convergence studies combined with other research fields are introduced and future research directions are detailed.
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