active phase thanks to potential-driven redox reactions and/or corrosive electrolyte-induced component change. This reconstruction phenomenon is widely observed in electrocatalysts, ranging from metals and alloys [11][12][13] to (hydr)oxides [14][15][16][17][18] and non-oxides (e.g., chalcogenides and borides). [19][20][21] It has become a common understanding that the primitive structure of pre-electrocatalyst is not the same as that in the final active phase, [14][15][16] but it is necessarily to determine reconstruction process and the outcome during electrocatalysis. Therefore, understanding structural transformation of electrocatalysts and revealing initial structure-active phase relationship have been attractive issues. And moreover, designing suitable preelectrocatalysts to produce high-performance catalytic active phases is far from straightforward due to the complexity and unpredictability of electrochemical reconstruction process.One of the most prominent examples is the perovskite-type strontium iridate (i.e., SrIrO 3 ), a pre-electrocatalyst that in situ forms amorphous IrO x H y active phase with excellent electrocatalytic activity in acid for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). [14] Inspired by this pioneering work, a number of perovskite-type iridates with a variety of crystal structures and compositions have been explored as oxygen evolution (pre)electrocatalysts. [14][15][16] In addition, some non-perovskite iridates, including pyrochlore, fluorite, and P2-layered structures, have also been studied recently. [22][23][24][25] These iridates, like perovskite SrIrO 3 , also generate amorphous IrO x H y active phases during OER in acid, although local microstructures of these amorphous active phases may be quite different and strongly dependent on the crystal structures and defects of initial iridates as well as their preparation history. The recently developed iridates-derived electrocatalysts with amorphous active phases generally exhibit more than ten times higher activity, yet worse structural stability (or more serious iridium leaching) than crystalline IrO 2 nanocatalyst. And the majority of them only retain the high catalytic activity for less than 50 h under electrocatalysis conditions. Hence, it would be desirable to explore new iridate (pre-)electrocatalysts that can evade the crystalline-to-amorphous phase transformation in traditional ones, and thereby realize the simultaneous improvement of catalytic activity and lifetime.Herein, we report, for the first time, the phase-selective synthesis of a metastable, open-framework strontium iridate The acidic oxygen evolution reaction underpins several important electricalto-chemical energy conversions, and this energy-intensive process relies industrially on iridium-based electrocatalysts. Here, phase-selective synthesis of metastable strontium iridates with open-framework structure and their unexpected transformation into a highly active, ultrastable oxygen evolution nano-electrocatalyst are presented. This transformation involves two major ste...