Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Medical advances have led to a welcome increase in life expectancy. However, accompanying longevity introduces new challenges: increases in age-related diseases and associated reductions in quality of life. The loss of skeletal tissue that can accompany trauma, injury, disease or advancing years can result in significant morbidity and significant socio-economic cost and emphasise the need for new, more reliable skeletal regeneration strategies. To address the unmet need for bone augmentation, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have come to the fore in recent years with new approaches for de novo skeletal tissue formation. Typically, these approaches seek to harness stem cells, innovative scaffolds and biological factors that promise enhanced and more reliable bone formation strategies to improve the quality of life for many. This review provides an overview of recent developments in bone tissue engineering focusing on skeletal stem cells, vascular development, bone formation and the translation from preclinical in vivo models to clinical delivery.

Fabrication and characterization of drug-loaded nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 scaffolds modified with carbon nanotubes and silk fibroin

“…2 In 1995, Crane et al proposed the concept of bone tissue engineering, which attracted the attention of scholars. 3 With the development of life, material, and engineering sciences, bone tissue engineering research has advanced in recent years 4 and has been currently the primary approach to bone defect repair. The tissue scaffold is the key factor for bone tissue engineering.…”

The Use of Adipose Tissue-Derived Progenitors in Bone Tissue Engineering - a Review

“…It has been reported that segmental bone defects which are most commonly found in the tibia may result in amputation if structural integrity of the bone cannot be restored and maintained [2]. …”

Preparation, Characterization and Biological Studies of Β-TCP and Β-TCP/Al2O3 Scaffolds Obtained by Gel-Casting of Foams

“…Therefore, as an interdisciplinary field, tissue engineering concerns the development of biological substitutes capable of replacing or repairing diseased or damaged tissue and organs in humans [1][2][3][4] . Since the 80's, and especially in the last decade, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have been proving its importance and potential to revolutionize important areas of medicine [1][2][3][4] , such as cardiovascular [5][6] , skin regeneration 7 and bone treatments [8][9][10][11] . Replacement tissues can be produced by first seeding human cells onto scaffolds [1][2][3][4] .…”

“…An ideal scaffold porosity is required to maximize the space for cellular adhesion, growth, revascularization, adequate nutrition and other factors that can influence cellular and tissue growth [1][2][3][4][9][10] . Different methods have been studied and improved in the past years to obtain scaffolds with desired properties 1,10 , such as porogen particles 12 , emulsion [13][14][15] , replication 8,16 , gel-casting of foams 12,14,[16][17][18] and additive manufacture 19 . Gel-casting method consists in adding a foaming agent to a ceramic suspension composed of ceramic powder, organic monomers and dispersants, thus providing a mechanical action.…”

“…There are many ceramic materials that have been used for bone tissue engineering, such as calcium phosphates, especially hydroxyapatite (HA) 1,12,16,18 and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) 1,8,16 , bioactive glass 24,25 and titania 26 . Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) is a bio-resorbable, bio-active and osteo-conductive bio-ceramic material.…”