Bone remodeling effect of a chitosan and calcium phosphate-based composite

Abstract

Chitosan is a biocompatible polymer that has been widely studied for tissue engineering purposes. The aim of this research was to assess bone regenerative properties of an injectable chitosan and calcium phosphate-based composite and identify optimal degree of deacetylation (%DDA) of the chitosan polymer. Drill holes were generated on the left side of a mandible in Sprague-Dawley rats, and the hole was either left empty or filled with the implant. The animals were sacrificed at several time points after surgery (7–22 days) and bone was investigated using micro-CT and histology. No significant new bone formation was observed in the implants themselves at any time points. However, substantial new bone formation was observed in the rat mandible further away from the drill hole. Morphological changes indicating bone formation were found in specimens explanted on Day 7 in animals that received implant. Similar bone formation pattern was seen in control animals with an empty drill hole at later time points but not to the same extent. A second experiment was performed to examine if the %DDA of the chitosan polymer influenced the bone remodeling response. The results suggest that chitosan polymers with %DDA between 50 and 70% enhance the natural bone remodeling mechanism.

Bio-Functionalized Chitosan for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Because of its osteoconductive properties and structural homology to proteoglycans of extracellular matrices, chitosan has been proposed as a coating in bone implants or a component in composite materials [ 7 ]. So far, experimental studies have reported that alloy surfaces, layer assembly, and the degree of deacetylation n chitosan affect the promotion of osseointegration, bone remodeling, and delivery of growth factors at the implant-tissue interface [ 8 ].…”

Mineralization in a Critical Size Bone-Gap in Sheep Tibia Improved by a Chitosan-Calcium Phosphate-Based Composite as Compared to Predicate Device

“…The results obtained here can be viewed in the light of results from experiments that our group performed in rat mandibular bone [17]. It was found that implants containing 50-70% DDA chitosan polymer may stimulate new bone growth.…”

“…In a previous study in a rat model the quantitative assessment of osteogenic effect of chitin derivatives was established and used to compare the osteogenic effect of deacetylated chitin derivatives, with degree of deacetylation from 50-96% [17]. The study showed that injectable implants containing 50% and 70% deacetylated highly pure chitin derivatives gave the highest bone volume regeneration of the materials tested.…”

Baicalein Nanofiber Scaffold Containing Hyaluronic Acid and Polyvinyl Alcohol: Preparation and Evaluation

“…According to recent studies, there are various evidences on the effectiveness of BE against some types of cancer cells that had gained chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance [30] and high invasion ability tumor [31], particularly osteosarcoma bone tumor [32] that, in some cases, need to be excised and refilling the loss of bone tissue with suitable synthesized graft. Scientists can take advantage of the promising antioncogenic property of BE with other antiinflammatory and antibacterial features by getting it carried and released in a sustained pattern from nanofibers-based scuffled graft, which would ensure significant reconstructional in segmental bone loss by remodeling and regeneration processes [33][34][35], and in the same time, preventing any probable infectious complications or tumor recurrence in the newly formed tissue and reducing the need of higher dose of chemotherapy by controlling the local environment [36].…”