Bonding in cotton fiber from formaldehyde‐free crosslinks

Abstract

SynopsisCotton fabric was crosslinked with five agents, three of which were prepared form formaldehyde and two of which were formaldehyde-free. The formaldehyde-free agents produced less bonding between layers in the laminated microstructure of the cotton fiber. One agent, 43-dihydroxy-1,3dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, gave no evidence of any interlayer bonding. All five agents gave the same relationship between wrinkle recovery angle and molar substitution on the cotton up to moderate recovery angles, but only agents based on formaldehyde gave higher wrinkle recovery angles with additional reaction. Intralayer crosslinking did not reduce absorptivity, as shown by moisture regain and dye receptivity, but did restrict swelling in cupriethylenediamine hydroxide to the same extent as combined interlayer and intralayer crosslinking. The decrease in extensibility of treated fabric with increasing wrinkle recovery angle was the same with all agents. These results indicate the regions of the fiber that are important for each of these properties.

Modification of cellulose fabrics with reactive polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes to improve their shape‐memory performance

“…The decrease in the tensile strength of the modified cellulose samples was that the slippage between the cellulose macromolecules was inhibited because of the crosslinking reaction. This was in agreement with previous studies 7, 10, 11…”

“…The CRA of the modified cellulose sample with DMDHEU significantly increased, but the retentions of the tensile strength reached 58.8% (weft) and 60.9% (warp). This was in agreement with previous studies 11, 12. When 0.4% R‐POSS was added to the DMDHEU solution (19.6%), the CRA of the modified cellulose sample also reached 212.1°, but the retentions of tensile strength were 73.4% (weft) and 68.5% (warp).…”

“…Excellent wrinkle recovery in treated cellulose fabrics is obtained. However, its disadvantages are that it can cause a shade change of dyed fabrics and that it brings about eutrophication in rivers because of the phosphorus in it 11, 12…”

Utilization of Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) to Enhance the Performance Properties as well as UV Protection of Ester Crosslinked Cotton Fabrics

“…The opposite holds true for TS reflecting the differences between these crosslinkers in their reactivity, activation energy, functionality, structure, thermal stability level, extent of esterification, and number and length of crosslinks [16]. Furthermore, Table 6 indicates that: (1) the post treatment of PVP, polycarboxylic acids, or PVP/polycarboxylic acids finished fabrics with copper or zinc acetates improves the UV protection of these fabrics due to the formation of PVP-metal complexes [8] and/or the salts of these metals with the free carboxyl groups [21], (2) the improvement in the UV protection of PVP/polycarboxylic acid finished samples post treated with metal salts is negligible, if compared to the same samples untreated with metal salts. This could be associated with fixation of a crosslinked PVP thin film onto fabric structure as well as increasing the extent of crosslinking due to formation of ionic crosslinking thereby brings the fabric structure more closure.…”

“…E ASY CARE FINISHING of cotton fabrics with formaldehyde-containing resinous crosslinkers, such as dimethylol dihydroxyethylene, exhibits fabric's strength loss as well as formaldehyde release, which is a known human carcinogen [1]. Many attempts have been made to overcome these disadvantages such as zero formaldehyde-based reactants, the commercial addition products of 1,3-dimethylurea and glyoxal as well as inorganic phosphates [1,2].…”