Common thermoanalytical characteristics of durable press reactants based on cyclic ureas

Trask-Morrell, Brenda J.; Andrews, B.A. Kottes

doi:10.1002/app.1988.070350117

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…4,5-Diethoxyethyleneurea produced both ions. The three 4,5-dialkoxyethyleneureas produced an exotherm during thermal analyses (Trask-Morrell and Kottes Andrews, 1988), and this exothermic activity may have increased the rate of vaporization, leading to higher pressures in the source region of the instrument. This explanation does not hold for the '-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea compound which does not produce an exotherm in TA but does produce both [M]+ and [M + 1]+ ions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ring carbons included OH, OCH3, and OC2H5. These reactants are described in detail in our earlier publication (Trask-Morrell and Kottes Andrews, 1988), and their structures are drawn on the figures within the text. The compounds are named in the manner common to textile chemists.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ones most commercially successful in the past were adducts of cyclic ureas and formaldehyde, that is, methylol derivatives of the cyclic ureas. We recently began research to achieve a basic understanding of the thermal stability of these reactants (Trask-Morrell and Kottes Andrews, 1988). By use of thermal analyses, a variety of common structural characteristics were recognized.…”

Section: Louisiana 70179mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Common mass-spectrometric characteristics of durable press reactants based on cyclic ureas

Trask-Morrell¹,

Andrews²,

Franklin³

1989

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The recently popularized pressure response cell (PRC) allows direct physical measurements to deduce chemical rate parameters. Because of its batch nature, the PRC method is subject to serious problems owing to possible interfacial temperature rise following initial gas-liquid contact. Furthermore, if a PRC is not properly mixed, the effects of physical mass transfer can become significant. Conditions under which these two effects can be neglected are determined for the PRC. In addition, an improved cell design that can be used at elevated gas pressures is described. The new cell is applied to the industrially important dissolution of carbon dioxide in carbonate-bicarbonate solution. Rate parameters are determined to be in good agreement with the literature values obtained with widely different methods. New results are also obtained which extend the rate parameters to elevated carbon dioxide partial pressures exceeding 3 atm, and it is shown the reaction order is unchanged at these

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Louisiana 70179mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Common mass-spectrometric characteristics of durable press reactants based on cyclic ureas

Trask-Morrell¹,

Andrews²,

Franklin³

1989

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Its DSC thermogram showed the compound melting and decomposing in two peaks. The corresponding TG curve had associated weight losses of 11 and 72%, respectively, and left a moderate amount of residue.…”

Section: Tricarboxylic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoanalytical characteristics of polycarboxylic acids investigated as durable press agents for cotton textiles

Trask-Morrell

Andrews

1991

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SYNOPSISPolycarboxylic acids are of great interest to the cotton textile industry as durable press agents because they do not release substances that require mandatory monitoring. Differential scanning colorimetric (DSC), thermogravimetric ( T G ) , and differential thermogravimetric ( D T G ) techniques were used to study the thermal characteristics of a series of 10 polycarboxylic acids. Samples included di-, tri-, and tetra-functional compounds some of which contained olefinic linkages, hydroxyl substituents, and cyclic structure. Thermogravimetric data at simulated fabric cure temperatures was used to assess the potential of a compound for use as a textile finishing agent. In high-temperature studies the compounds were readily distinguishable in DSC analyses. General characteristics such as increases in total heats of reactions were found to be related to the number of functional groups. These results also provided support for a mechanism for the reaction of polycarboxylic acids with cellulose through a n anhydride intermediate.

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“…with finish development. Our basic research studies were concerned with durable press reactants themselves, both formaldehyde [4] and nonformaldehydebased [ 5 ], various catalysts, and mixtures of reactants and catalysts [ 6 ] . We analyzed treated fabrics next to determine if the thermal characteristics were measurably different from untreated fabric and found that they were [ 7 ] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoanalytical and FT-IR Characteristics of Fabrics Finished with BTCA/Chloroacetates

Trask-Morrell

Morris

Andrews

1996

Textile Research Journal

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Cotton durable press (DP) finishes of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) catalyzed with sodium dichloroacetate, sodium monochloroacetate, or sodium acetate (SDCA, SMCA, or SA) were prepared at four acid / catalyst ratios, and catalyst controls were also treated. Thermal analyses were performed using differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) techniques. Overlaid DSC or TG thermograms indicated few visible instances of progressive changes produced with varying ratios of BTCA/catalyst. Differences in finishes were assessed when means and standard errors were tabulated. Characterization of this series involved either seventeen or five individual parameters, depending on whether the finish produced two or one weight loss region(s). Some thermal parameters, when plotted versus catalyst ratios of 1/ 0.5, 1/1, 1/1.5, and 1/2, produced a peak (or a minimum) instead of steadily increasing, decreasing, or remaining level, as found in earlier studies. Finish identification of BTCA/SDCA was rapid; recognition of BTCA/SMCA or BTCA/SA was more complicated. All BTcA/acetate catalyzed finishes were easily distinguished from BTCA/sodium hypophosphite finished fabrics or 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) finishes. Most distinguishing thermal features are related to catalyst. Part II discusses TGA/FT-IR studies of BTCA/acetate catalyzed samples.Chemical crosslinks that result from durable press (DP) finishing of cotton produce fabrics with smooth drying properties. Such crosslinks are achieved by reaction of the cellulose molecule with a variety of agent/ / catalyst formulations. Early finishes based on formaldehyde-containing compounds created crosslinks with ether bonds between cellulose molecules and the crosslinking agent. When formaldehyde in the workplace began to be investigated because it was labeled as a probable human carcinogen, research on low-and nonformaldehyde finishes increased. Recent research ' here at SRRC has focused on polycarboxylic acids ( PcAS) catalyzed by salts of phosphorus containing inorganic acids to achieve nonformaldehyde DP finishes that contain ester linkages with cellulose [1, 10, 1-1].We have coordinated thermoanalytical (TA) research . with finish development. Our basic research studies were concerned with durable press reactants themselves, both formaldehyde [4] and nonformaldehydebased [ 5 ], various catalysts, and mixtures of reactants and catalysts [ 6 ]. We analyzed treated fabrics next to determine if the thermal characteristics were measurably different from untreated fabric and found that they were [ 7 ] . We then began a series of systematic studies of a variety of chemical finishes at multiple levels on cotton to learn whether we could distinguish changes in thermal parameters caused by the finishes themselves, as well as recognize changes brought about by different levels of finishes. The first study was of cotton treated with butanetetracarboxylic acid or citric acid catalyzed with sodium hypophosphite [ 8 ] . The second study was of...

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Common thermoanalytical characteristics of durable press reactants based on cyclic ureas

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Common mass-spectrometric characteristics of durable press reactants based on cyclic ureas

Common mass-spectrometric characteristics of durable press reactants based on cyclic ureas

Thermoanalytical characteristics of polycarboxylic acids investigated as durable press agents for cotton textiles

Thermoanalytical and FT-IR Characteristics of Fabrics Finished with BTCA/Chloroacetates

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