Thermoanalytical characteristics of polycarboxylic acids investigated as durable press agents for cotton textiles

Trask-Morrell, Brenda J.; Andrews, B.A. Kottes

doi:10.1002/app.1991.070420224

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Cross-linking interconnects the starch molecules through covalent bonding and increases the molecular weight, tensile strength, modulus and stiffness. Various cross-linking agents including sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), epichlorohydrin (EPI) and phosphoryl chloride (POCl 3 ) have been used to cross-link starch. , Various nontoxic poly(carboxylic acid)s such as citric acid and 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) − have also been used to cross-link cellulosic materials such as cotton, softwood kraft pulp fiber, etc., as well as starch. Cross-linking occurs when the carboxyl groups of the acid react with the hydroxyl groups present in starch to form an ester linkage .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonedible Starch Based “Green” Thermoset Resin Obtained via Esterification Using a Green Catalyst

Patil

Netravali

2016

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In this study, a biobased thermoset resin was developed from a nonedible starch source obtained from mango processing industrial waste. Mango seed starch (MSS) was extracted from defatted mango seed kernels and cross-linked using a “green” cross-linker/catalyst system, 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA)/sodium propionate (NaP), to obtain the thermoset resin. The tensile properties of the cross-linked MSS were found to be adequate to replace edible starch based thermoset resins, e.g., potato or corn or proteins such as soy. The cross-linking or the esterification reaction proceeds faster and at lower temperature in the presence of a suitable catalyst. Sodium hypophosphite (SHP), a widely used catalyst for esterification using poly(carboxylic acid)s and hydroxyl groups of starch or cellulose, contains phosphorus and the effluents containing SHP, i.e., phosphorus, are toxic to humans and can adversely affect the fauna in water. Also, SHP decomposes to toxic phosphine gas when heated. The results of the present study indicate that sodium propionate (NaP), used as a nonphosphorus green catalyst, is as effective and efficient as SHP. The cross-linking of starch was confirmed directly using ATR-FTIR spectra and the degree of substitution (DS) values obtained by chemical titrations as well as indirectly through an increase in the tensile properties. Higher modulus and strength and lower degree of swelling in water of films cross-linked using NaP confirmed that NaP acts as a better catalyst than the conventional SHP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonedible Starch Based “Green” Thermoset Resin Obtained via Esterification Using a Green Catalyst

Patil

Netravali

2016

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…At different BTCA concentrations the crosslinks will be different. The FTIR analysis reveals that at a lower concentration (2-8%) of BTCA there is a continuous increase in the size of the carbonyl peak with increasing BTCA; however, the relationship levels off at higher BTCA concentrations [7]. We believe this is mostly due to the ineffectiveness of the reaction of BTCA with the hydroxyl at high BTCA concentrations where some BTCA may not be linked with the macromolecules even by side grafts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…(2-8%) of BTCA there is a continuous increase in the size of the carbonyl peak with increasing BTCA; however, the relationship levels off at higher BTCA concentrations [7].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) is a most promising polycarboxylic acid for durable press finishing of cotton fabrics [2][3][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Using Fritt and thermal analyses, the mechanism of the reaction has been confirmed to involve esterification of the polycarboxylic acid with the hydroxyl groups in the fibers, first to form an anhydride and then the ester.…”

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Crosslinking Analysis of Polycarboxylic Acid Durable Press Finishing of Cotton Fabrics and Strength Retention Improvement

Xu¹,

2000

Textile Research Journal

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Cotton fabric is treated in different concentrations of BTCA and SHP solutions. The fabric weight gain is confirmed by FTIR analysis, and the peak ratio of 1720 cm -1 /1380 cm -1 has a good linear relation with fabric weight gain. The results show that BTCA is most effective for durable press finishing at around 2%. The moisture regain of the treated fabric decreases as the weight gain increases before 10%, and then increases at high levels of weight gain. These results indicate that except for interand intramolecular crosslinking, some side grafts are formed during the treatment, and at BTCA high concentrations, the quantity of side grafts increases. When the fabric is cured in tension, the intramolecular crosslinks can be reduced and the treated fabric's strength retention can improve from 45% to above 75%.

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“…with finish development. Our basic research studies were concerned with durable press reactants themselves, both formaldehyde [4] and nonformaldehydebased [ 5 ], various catalysts, and mixtures of reactants and catalysts [ 6 ] . We analyzed treated fabrics next to determine if the thermal characteristics were measurably different from untreated fabric and found that they were [ 7 ] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Thermoanalytical and FT-IR Characteristics of Fabrics Finished with BTCA/Chloroacetates

Trask-Morrell

Morris

Andrews

1996

Textile Research Journal

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Cotton durable press (DP) finishes of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) catalyzed with sodium dichloroacetate, sodium monochloroacetate, or sodium acetate (SDCA, SMCA, or SA) were prepared at four acid / catalyst ratios, and catalyst controls were also treated. Thermal analyses were performed using differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) techniques. Overlaid DSC or TG thermograms indicated few visible instances of progressive changes produced with varying ratios of BTCA/catalyst. Differences in finishes were assessed when means and standard errors were tabulated. Characterization of this series involved either seventeen or five individual parameters, depending on whether the finish produced two or one weight loss region(s). Some thermal parameters, when plotted versus catalyst ratios of 1/ 0.5, 1/1, 1/1.5, and 1/2, produced a peak (or a minimum) instead of steadily increasing, decreasing, or remaining level, as found in earlier studies. Finish identification of BTCA/SDCA was rapid; recognition of BTCA/SMCA or BTCA/SA was more complicated. All BTcA/acetate catalyzed finishes were easily distinguished from BTCA/sodium hypophosphite finished fabrics or 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) finishes. Most distinguishing thermal features are related to catalyst. Part II discusses TGA/FT-IR studies of BTCA/acetate catalyzed samples.Chemical crosslinks that result from durable press (DP) finishing of cotton produce fabrics with smooth drying properties. Such crosslinks are achieved by reaction of the cellulose molecule with a variety of agent/ / catalyst formulations. Early finishes based on formaldehyde-containing compounds created crosslinks with ether bonds between cellulose molecules and the crosslinking agent. When formaldehyde in the workplace began to be investigated because it was labeled as a probable human carcinogen, research on low-and nonformaldehyde finishes increased. Recent research ' here at SRRC has focused on polycarboxylic acids ( PcAS) catalyzed by salts of phosphorus containing inorganic acids to achieve nonformaldehyde DP finishes that contain ester linkages with cellulose [1, 10, 1-1].We have coordinated thermoanalytical (TA) research . with finish development. Our basic research studies were concerned with durable press reactants themselves, both formaldehyde [4] and nonformaldehydebased [ 5 ], various catalysts, and mixtures of reactants and catalysts [ 6 ]. We analyzed treated fabrics next to determine if the thermal characteristics were measurably different from untreated fabric and found that they were [ 7 ] . We then began a series of systematic studies of a variety of chemical finishes at multiple levels on cotton to learn whether we could distinguish changes in thermal parameters caused by the finishes themselves, as well as recognize changes brought about by different levels of finishes. The first study was of cotton treated with butanetetracarboxylic acid or citric acid catalyzed with sodium hypophosphite [ 8 ] . The second study was of...

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Thermoanalytical characteristics of polycarboxylic acids investigated as durable press agents for cotton textiles

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Nonedible Starch Based “Green” Thermoset Resin Obtained via Esterification Using a Green Catalyst

Nonedible Starch Based “Green” Thermoset Resin Obtained via Esterification Using a Green Catalyst

Crosslinking Analysis of Polycarboxylic Acid Durable Press Finishing of Cotton Fabrics and Strength Retention Improvement

Thermoanalytical and FT-IR Characteristics of Fabrics Finished with BTCA/Chloroacetates

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