Bonded thin film lithium niobate modulator on a silicon photonics platform exceeding 100 GHz 3-dB electrical modulation bandwidth

Weigel, Peter O.; Zhao, Jianhui; Fang, Kelvin; Al-Rubaye, Hasan; Trotter, Douglas C.; Hood, Dana; Mudrick, John; Dallo, Christina; Pomerene, Andrew; Starbuck, Andrew; DeRose, Christopher T.; Lentine, Anthony L.; Rebeiz, Gabriel M.; Mookherjea, Shayan

doi:10.1364/oe.26.023728

Cited by 268 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…An alternative approach, i.e., hybrid integration of LN membranes onto SOI PICs, has also attracted considerable interests [43][44] . The hybrid silicon/LN material system combines the scalability of silicon photonics with excellent modulation performance of LN.…”

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confidence: 99%

High-performance hybrid silicon and lithium niobate Mach–Zehnder modulators for 100 Gbit s−1 and beyond

et al. 2019

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Optical modulators are at the heart of optical communication links. Ideally, they should feature low insertion loss, low drive voltage, large modulation bandwidth, high linearity, compact footprint and low manufacturing cost. Unfortunately, these criteria have only been achieved on separate occasions. Based on a Silicon and Lithium Niobate hybrid integration platform, we demonstrate Mach-Zehnder modulators that simultaneously fulfill these criteria. The presented device exhibits an insertion loss of 2.5 dB, voltage-length product of 2.2 V•cm, high linearity, electro-optic bandwidth of at least 70 GHz and modulation rates up to 112 Gbit/s. The high-performance modulator is realized by seamless integration of highcontrast waveguide based on Lithium Niobate -the most mature modulator material -with compact, low-loss silicon circuits. The hybrid platform demonstrated here allows for the combination of "best-in-breed" active and passive components, opening up new avenues for enabling future high-speed, energy efficient and cost-effective optical communication networks.

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confidence: 99%

High-performance hybrid silicon and lithium niobate Mach–Zehnder modulators for 100 Gbit s−1 and beyond

et al. 2019

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“…In this work, we report generation of Kerr solitons in high-Q lithium niobate resonators. Lithium niobate (LN) (both in bulk form and when fabricated into waveguides and resonators) is of considerable interest for its versatile properties including the electro-optic as well as second and third-order nonlinear optical effects [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. And the combining of these properties with stable soliton mode locking significantly amplifies the functionality of soliton microcombs.…”

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Self-starting bi-chromatic LiNbO₃ soliton microcomb

Yang

Ling

et al. 2019

Optica

346

194

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For its many useful properties, including second and third-order optical nonlinearity as well as electro-optic control, lithium niobate is considered an important potential microcomb material. Here, a soliton microcomb is demonstrated in a monolithic high-Q lithium niobate resonator. Besides the demonstration of soltion mode locking, the photorefractive effect enables mode locking to self-start and soliton switching to occur bi-directionally. Second-harmonic generation of the soliton spectrum is also observed, an essential step for comb self-referencing. The Raman shock time constant of lithium niobate is also determined by measurement of soliton self-frequency-shift. Besides the considerable technical simplification provided by a self-starting soliton system, these demonstrations, together with the electro-optic and piezoelectric properties of lithium niobate, open the door to a multi-functional microcomb providing f-2f generation and fast electrical control of optical frequency and repetition rate, all of which are critical in applications including time keeping, frequency synthesis/division, spectroscopy and signal generation. arXiv:1812.09610v1 [physics.optics]Abstract In this supplement detailed information is provided on the following: the device design, the experimental setup, the numeric modeling of soliton comb generation with analysis of self-starting mode locking, and the characterization of key device parameters. * These two authors contributed equally. † Electronic

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“…In recent years, photonic devices based on LNOI, including waveguides [6,7], microring resonators [1,8], microdisk resonators [9][10][11], and photonic crystal cavities [12,13] have been developed. On-chip functionalities, such as second harmonic generation [13][14][15][16][17][18], electro-optic modulator [3,[19][20][21][22][23], and optical frequency comb [24,25], have experienced rapid progress with the above-mentioned LNOI micro-/nanodevices. Importantly, many integrated on-chip lithium niobate (LN) devices developed recently already feature low propagation losses [6][7][8]10], which is critical for practical applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Efficient light coupling between an ultra-low loss lithium niobate waveguide and an adiabatically tapered single mode optical fiber

Ni¹,

Zhou²,

Gao³

et al. 2020

Opt. Express

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A lithium niobate on insulator ridge waveguide allows constructing high-density photonic integrated circuits thanks to its small bending radius offered by the high index contrast. Meanwhile, the significant mode-field mismatch between an optical fiber and the single-mode lithium niobate waveguide leads to low coupling efficiencies. Here, we demonstrate, both numerically and experimentally, that the problem can be solved with a tapered single mode fiber of an optimized mode field profile. Numerical simulation shows that the minimum coupling losses for the TE and TM mode are 0.32 dB and 0.86 dB, respectively. Experimentally, though without anti-reflection coating, the measured coupling losses for TE and TM mode are 1.32 dB and 1.88 dB, respectively. Our technique paves a way for a broad range of on-chip lithium niobate applications.

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Bonded thin film lithium niobate modulator on a silicon photonics platform exceeding 100 GHz 3-dB electrical modulation bandwidth

Cited by 268 publications

References 57 publications

High-performance hybrid silicon and lithium niobate Mach–Zehnder modulators for 100 Gbit s−1 and beyond

High-performance hybrid silicon and lithium niobate Mach–Zehnder modulators for 100 Gbit s−1 and beyond

Self-starting bi-chromatic LiNbO₃ soliton microcomb

Efficient light coupling between an ultra-low loss lithium niobate waveguide and an adiabatically tapered single mode optical fiber

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Bonded thin film lithium niobate modulator on a silicon photonics platform exceeding 100 GHz 3-dB electrical modulation bandwidth

Cited by 268 publications

References 57 publications

High-performance hybrid silicon and lithium niobate Mach–Zehnder modulators for 100 Gbit s−1 and beyond

High-performance hybrid silicon and lithium niobate Mach–Zehnder modulators for 100 Gbit s−1 and beyond

Self-starting bi-chromatic LiNbO3 soliton microcomb

Efficient light coupling between an ultra-low loss lithium niobate waveguide and an adiabatically tapered single mode optical fiber

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Self-starting bi-chromatic LiNbO₃ soliton microcomb