Body weight impact of the sugar‐sweetened beverages tax in Mexican children: A modeling study

Torres‐Álvarez, Rossana; Barrán‐Zubaran, Rodrigo; Canto‐Osorio, Francisco; Sánchez-Romero, Luz María; Camacho-García-Formentí, Dalia; Popkin, Barry M.; Rivera, Juan Á.; Meza, Rafael; Barrientos‐Gutiérrez, Tonatiuh

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12636

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Given that lower-income households and individuals are more likely to reduce their purchases in response to a tax, they thus stand to gain more long-term health and monetary benefits. [172][173][174][175] This was the case in evaluations of the Mexican nonessential food and SSB taxes, 161,162,168,169 as well as South Africa's sugary drink levy. 165 To date, some jurisdictions have used the revenue from these taxes to fund childcare, health care, and other services focused on serving lower-income subpopulations.…”

Section: Policies To Limit Ultra-processed Foods Without Widening Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nutrition transition to a stage of high obesity and noncommunicable disease prevalence dominated by ultra‐processed foods is not inevitable

2021

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The Nutrition Transition model is presented with the nature and pace of change in key stages varying by location and subpopulations. At present, all high-income and many low-and middle-income countries are in a stage of the transition where nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension are dominating adult morbidity and mortality and are very high or growing rapidly in prevalence. Some countries still have key subpopulations facing hunger and undernutrition defined by stunting or extreme thinness among adults.We call these double burden of malnutrition countries. All low-and middle-income countries face rapid growth in consumption of ultra-processed food and beverages, but it is not inevitable that these countries will reach the same high levels of consumption seen in high-income countries, with all the negative impacts of this diet on health. With great political and civil society commitment to adoption of policies shown in other countries to have improved dietary choices and social norms around foods, we can arrest and even reverse the rapid shift to diets dominated by a stage of high ultra-processed food intake and increasing prevalence of nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases.

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Section: Policies To Limit Ultra-processed Foods Without Widening Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nutrition transition to a stage of high obesity and noncommunicable disease prevalence dominated by ultra‐processed foods is not inevitable

2021

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“…Finally, it is important to consider the effects of fiscal policies such as the SSB tax, which represents a national policy proven effective at reducing body weight in children and adolescents 60 and has contributed to a decrease in SSB purchases in Mexico, mainly among low‐income households 10 . Nevertheless, policies focussed on restricting the density of fast‐food restaurants and stores (mainly convenience stores) have been poorly implemented and include limited evaluation and monitoring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is store density associated with sugar‐sweetened beverages consumption and overweight or obesity in Mexican adolescents?

et al. 2021

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Background: The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is a risk factor for obesity. In Mexico, SSBs are widely available and consumed daily by adolescents. Objectives:The purpose of this study was to estimate the indirect association between store density (including grocery, convenience, non-alcoholic beverage stores and supermarkets) and overweight or obesity (OW/O) among Mexican adolescents, using SSB consumption as a mediator. Methods: We used cross-sectional data on adolescent SSB consumption, weight status (body mass index for age [BMI for age]), physical activity, screen time and sociodemographic factors from the 2016 Mexican Midway National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT MC 2016). The National Statistical Directory of Economic Units provided information on stores selling SSBs. We estimated structural equations models to test associations between store density and OW/O, using SSB consumption as a mediator.Results: We found a direct positive association between store density and SSB intake in adolescents (β =1.229), including density of supermarkets (β = 132.07), grocery stores (β = 1.170) and non-alcoholic beverage stores (β = 1.537). No significant association was observed for convenience stores. Direct association between store density and OW/O was strongest for supermarket density (β = 0.426). In addition, SSB intake was significantly associated with OW/O (p = 0.033). No significant indirect association between density of any store and OW/O was found.Conclusions: Store density was directly associated with SSB consumption but not indirectly associated with OW/O mediated by SSB. Further research on food environment is required in order to design evidence-based strategies aimed at reducing SSB intake and OW/O in adolescents.

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“…Brown et al, using the same mathematical model, estimated the potential effect of reducing 27 kcal/day associated to restrictions to TV advertising of beverages and foods in children 5-15 years of age, which was expected to reduce 0.35 kg/m 2 of BMI within 1 year (44); in contrast, we estimated a 0.19 kg/m 2 reduction from the 17.4 kcal/day reduction expected from the NEDF tax. Torres-Alvarez et al used the same model to estimate the impact of the sugar-sweetened beverages tax in Mexican children 5-17 years old; the 10% tax is expected to reduce 17.6 kcal/day, which should translate into a 0.42 kg body weight reduction (45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Impact of the Nonessential Energy-Dense Foods Tax on the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children: A Modeling Study

Illescas-Zárate

Batis

Ramirez‐Silva

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: Consumption of foods high in energy, sugar, fat, and salt contributes to the increase in body mass index and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children. Mexico implemented an 8% tax to non-essential energy-dense foods (NEDF) in 2014 as part of a national strategy to reduce obesity.Objective: We modeled the potential effect of the NEDF tax on body mass index and overweight and obesity in Mexican children (6–17 years).Materials and Methods: We used the Dynamic Childhood Growth and Obesity Model calibrated to Mexican children to simulate the potential 1-year effect of the NEDF tax on body weight. Inputs for the model included NEDF consumption, weight, and height, obtained from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey. To project the potential impact of the tax, we ran a first simulation without intervention and another reducing the caloric intake from NEDF in the proportion observed in the Mexican population after the tax (−5.1%). The tax effect was defined as the absolute difference in body mass index and prevalence of overweight and obesity between both models.Results: The tax on NEDF should lead to a mean reduction of 4.1 g or 17.4 kcal/day of NEDF at the population level. One year after the tax, mean body weight and body mass index should decrease 0.40 kg and 0.19 kg/m2; this translates into −1.7 and −0.4% points in overweight and obesity, respectively.Conclusions: The use of fiscal instruments to discourage the consumption of NEDF could help to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children.

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Body weight impact of the sugar‐sweetened beverages tax in Mexican children: A modeling study

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

The nutrition transition to a stage of high obesity and noncommunicable disease prevalence dominated by ultra‐processed foods is not inevitable

The nutrition transition to a stage of high obesity and noncommunicable disease prevalence dominated by ultra‐processed foods is not inevitable

Is store density associated with sugar‐sweetened beverages consumption and overweight or obesity in Mexican adolescents?

Potential Impact of the Nonessential Energy-Dense Foods Tax on the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children: A Modeling Study

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