Abstract:Thermoregulatory function, that is, heat dissipative responses such as skin blood flow (SkBF) and sweating to an increased body temperature, is critical during physical work or exercise in warm and hot conditions and during hyperthermia. Thermoregulatory function is associated with individual somatotype, fitness level, normal aging, and physiological status and diseases. Individuals with type 2 diabetes have decreased thermoregulatory responses compared with healthy counterparts, characterized by decreased SkB… Show more
“…(McEniery et al, 2006;Soga et al, 2008) In addition, better endothelial function has been reported to be associated with higher sweat volume. (Takeda and Okazaki, 2018) However, AIx@HR75 was influenced by body height, HR, and gender (Fantin et al, 2007;Janner et al, 2010;Wilkinson et al, 2000). AIx@HR75 was documented as being inversely related to HR but AIx@HR75 adjusted to the HR of 75 bpm occurred independently from individuals' changes in HR (Stoner et al, 2014).…”
Sweating during exercise is regulated by objective parameters, body weight, and endothelial function, among other factors. However, the relationship between vascular arterial stiffness and sweat volume in young adults remains unclear. This study aimed to identify hemodynamic parameters before exercise that can predict sweat volume during exercise, and post-exercise parameters that can be predicted by the sweat volume. Eighty-nine young healthy subjects (aged 21.9 ± 1.7 years, 51 males) were recruited to each perform a 3-km run on a treadmill. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected and hemodynamic data were obtained, including heart rate, blood pressure and pulse wave analysis using non-invasive tonometry. Sweat volume was defined as pre-exercise body weight minus post-exercise body weight. Post-exercise hemodynamic parameters were also collected. Sweat volume was significantly associated with gender, body surface area (BSA) (b = 0.288, p = 0.010), peripheral systolic blood pressure (SBP), peripheral and central pulse pressure (PP), and was inversely associated with augmentation index at an HR of 75 beats/min (AIx@HR75) (b = -0.005, p = 0.019) and ejection duration. While BSA appeared to predict central PP (B = 19.271, p ≤ 0.001), central PP plus AIx@HR75 further predicted sweat volume (B = 0.008, p = 0.025; B = -0.009, p = 0.003 respectively). Sweat volume was associated with peripheral SBP change (B = -17.560, p = 0.031). Sweat volume during a 3-km run appears to be influenced by hemodynamic parameters, including vascular arterial stiffness and central pulse pressure. Results of the present study suggest that vascular arterial stiffness likely regulates sweat volume during exercise.
“…(McEniery et al, 2006;Soga et al, 2008) In addition, better endothelial function has been reported to be associated with higher sweat volume. (Takeda and Okazaki, 2018) However, AIx@HR75 was influenced by body height, HR, and gender (Fantin et al, 2007;Janner et al, 2010;Wilkinson et al, 2000). AIx@HR75 was documented as being inversely related to HR but AIx@HR75 adjusted to the HR of 75 bpm occurred independently from individuals' changes in HR (Stoner et al, 2014).…”
Sweating during exercise is regulated by objective parameters, body weight, and endothelial function, among other factors. However, the relationship between vascular arterial stiffness and sweat volume in young adults remains unclear. This study aimed to identify hemodynamic parameters before exercise that can predict sweat volume during exercise, and post-exercise parameters that can be predicted by the sweat volume. Eighty-nine young healthy subjects (aged 21.9 ± 1.7 years, 51 males) were recruited to each perform a 3-km run on a treadmill. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected and hemodynamic data were obtained, including heart rate, blood pressure and pulse wave analysis using non-invasive tonometry. Sweat volume was defined as pre-exercise body weight minus post-exercise body weight. Post-exercise hemodynamic parameters were also collected. Sweat volume was significantly associated with gender, body surface area (BSA) (b = 0.288, p = 0.010), peripheral systolic blood pressure (SBP), peripheral and central pulse pressure (PP), and was inversely associated with augmentation index at an HR of 75 beats/min (AIx@HR75) (b = -0.005, p = 0.019) and ejection duration. While BSA appeared to predict central PP (B = 19.271, p ≤ 0.001), central PP plus AIx@HR75 further predicted sweat volume (B = 0.008, p = 0.025; B = -0.009, p = 0.003 respectively). Sweat volume was associated with peripheral SBP change (B = -17.560, p = 0.031). Sweat volume during a 3-km run appears to be influenced by hemodynamic parameters, including vascular arterial stiffness and central pulse pressure. Results of the present study suggest that vascular arterial stiffness likely regulates sweat volume during exercise.
“…These adaptations to exercise training are akin to the adaptions induced by exposure to heat ( Corbett et al, 2014 ; Nielsen et al, 1993 ; Weller et al, 2007 ). Importantly, the probable adaptations acquired from exercise training that help to maintain core body temperature within a narrow range consist of neurophysiological adaptations, including cardiovascular, hematological, and hormonal changes, neural adaptations of the temperature set and thermoregulatory effectors, reduced production of metabolic heat by exercise, improved heat tolerance through the response to heat shock, and improved sweat economy ( Figure 2 ) ( Nadel, 1988 ; Nadel et al, 1980 ; Takeda and Okazaki, 2018 ; Werner, 1993 ; Yamauchi et al, 1997 ). Figure.…”
Thermoregulation is a homeostatic mechanism that is disrupted in some neurological diseases. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are susceptible to increases in body temperature, especially with more severe neurological signs. This condition can become intolerable when these patients suffer febrile infections such as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We review the mechanisms of hyperthermia in patients with MS, and they may encounter when infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Finally, the thermoregulatory role and relevant adaptation to regular physical exercise are summarized.
“…Although physical exercise is notorious as a heat stressor, long-term exposure to physical exercise is associated with some adaptations in thermal regulation to diminish its compromised effects [442]. Exercise training causes adaptive changes in the cardiovascular system and hemodynamic and hematological factors, including increased contractile strength of cardiac muscle, increased plasma volume, and reduced vasoconstriction at the subcutaneous level [443][444][445]. These adaptations are associated with supplying deep or core organs with higher cardiac output and followed by transferring the core temperature to the body surface [446,447].…”
Section: Pleiotropic Roles Of Physical Exercisementioning
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with cytokine storm and is characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia problems. The respiratory system is a place of inappropriate activation of the immune system in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), and this may cause damage to the lung and worsen both MS and infections.The concerns for patients with multiple sclerosis are because of an enhance risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The MS patients pose challenges in this pandemic situation, because of the regulatory defect of autoreactivity of the immune system and neurological and respiratory tract symptoms. In this review, we first indicate respiratory issues associated with both diseases. Then, the main mechanisms inducing lung damages and also impairing the respiratory muscles in individuals with both diseases is discussed. At the end, the leading role of physical exercise on mitigating respiratory issues inducing mechanisms is meticulously evaluated.
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