Respiratory issues in patients with multiple sclerosis as a risk factor during SARS-CoV-2 infection: a potential role for exercise

Abstract

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with cytokine storm and is characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia problems. The respiratory system is a place of inappropriate activation of the immune system in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), and this may cause damage to the lung and worsen both MS and infections.The concerns for patients with multiple sclerosis are because of an enhance risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The MS patients pose challenges in this pandemic situation, because of the regulatory defect of autoreactivity of the immune system and neurological and respiratory tract symptoms. In this review, we first indicate respiratory issues associated with both diseases. Then, the main mechanisms inducing lung damages and also impairing the respiratory muscles in individuals with both diseases is discussed. At the end, the leading role of physical exercise on mitigating respiratory issues inducing mechanisms is meticulously evaluated.

The Effects of 8-week Dance-Based Aerobic Training in Body Composition Features and Balance Ability

“…There is a huge literature and practical applications in order to prevent health problems such as heart diseases, respiratory issues, muscle atrophy, etc (Mortensen et al, 2023;Tucker et al, 2022;Razi et al, 2022). However, not all activities and literature are usable in order to improve the health of middle age people whose sensitivity, injury risk, and fall risks are more susceptible to injuries (Ekkekakis, 2016;Potach et al, 2016).…”