BODIPY dyes in photodynamic therapy

Abstract

BODIPY dyes tends to be highly fluorescent, but their emissions can be attenuated by adding substituents with appropriate oxidation potentials. Substituents like these have electrons to feed into photoexcited BODIPYs, quenching their fluorescence, thereby generating relatively long-lived triplet states. Singlet oxygen is formed when these triplet states interact with 3O2. In tissues, this causes cell damage in regions that are illuminated, and this is the basis of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The PDT agents that are currently approved for clinical use do not feature BODIPYs, but there are many reasons to believe that this situation will change. This review summarizes the attributes of BODIPY dyes for PDT, and in some related areas.

Selected applications of calixarene derivatives

“…63 In PDT porphyrins and their derivatives are used as photosensitizers, but they have relatively weak absorption in the red region of the visible spectrum, where mammalian tissues are most transparent. 64 Therefore dyes having strong absorption in the IR and near IR region of the spectrum are needed.…”

Palladium-Catalyzed Polyfluorophenylation of Porphyrins with Bis(polyfluorophenyl)zinc Reagents

“…We selected Pd(OAc) 2 as the palladium catalyst of choice for further investigation because of its high catalytic activity and low cost. A brief investigation of solvents found that ethereal solvents, such as THF and dioxane, were suitable reaction media (entries [14][15][16][17]. Among which, THF was the solvent of choice in terms of yield of the desired fluorinated product Zn-2a (entry 14).…”

“…The construction of porphyrins and related tetrapyrrolic macrocycles has attracted much interest [1][2][3][4][5][6] because they have a variety of important applications in many fields [7,8], including catalysis [9][10][11][12][13][14], medicine [15][16][17][18], and materials [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. It is also well documented that the chemical, physical, and biological properties of porphyrin macrocycles can be systematically tuned by the electronic, steric and conformational environments of their peripheral substituents [7,8].…”

New Trends in Near-Infrared Fluorophores for Bioimaging

“…3). 19,20 Some of the known BODIPY labeling probes have become widely commercially available (9 -20), 21 and BODIPY-based fluorescent probes have been frequently investigated as suitable candidates for fluorescent sensors, 18 and photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, 22 among other applications. 23 The excellent properties of BODIPY dyes, especially their sharp spectra and shiny fluorescence, have dazzled many scientists.…”