Blow-assisted multi-jet electrospinning of poly-L-lactic acid nanofibers

Significant advances have been made in the field of tissue engineering (TE), especially in the synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for replacing damaged tissues and organs in laboratory conditions. However, the gaps in knowledge in exploiting these techniques in preclinical trials and beyond and, in particular, in practical scenarios (e.g., replacing real body organs) have not been discussed well in the existing literature. Furthermore, it is observed in the literature that while new techniques for the synthesis of 3D TE scaffold have been developed, some of the earlier techniques are still being used. This implies that the advantages offered by a more recent and advanced technique as compared to the earlier ones are not obvious, and these should be discussed in detail. For example, one needs to be aware of the reason, if any, behind the superiority of traditional electrospinning technique over recent advances in 3D printing technique for the production of 3D scaffolds given the popularity of the former over the latter, indicated by the number of publications in the respective areas. Keeping these points in mind, this review aims to demonstrate the ongoing trend in TE based on the scaffold fabrication techniques, focusing mostly, on the two most widely used techniques, namely, electrospinning and 3D printing, with a special emphasis on preclinical trials and beyond. In this context, the advantages, disadvantages, flexibilities and limitations of the relevant techniques (electrospinner and 3D printer) are discussed. The paper also critically analyzes the applicability, restrictions, and future demands of these techniques in TE including their applications in generating whole body organs. It is concluded that combining these knowledge gaps with the existing body of knowledge on the preparation of laboratory scale 3D scaffolds, would deliver a much better understanding in the future for scientists who are interested in these techniques.

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“…Thus, this expands the yield production of the fibers and decreases the common electrostatic repulsion in this procedure (Fig. 8b) [64,65].…”

Section: Electrospinningmentioning

confidence: 95%

Recent progress in the fabrication techniques of 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering

Mabrouk

Beherei

Das

2020

Materials Science and Engineering: C

132

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“…Many approaches have been described in the literature for increasing nanofiber productivity. They focus on increasing jet numbers through single-needle modification, using multiple needles, and needleless electrospinning [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ]. Force-spinning, as a newly developed method which utilizes either centrifugal forces instead of electrostatic force [ 42 ] or a combination of both forces, has been found to give a profound effect [ 43 ].…”

Section: Up-scaling Of Nanofiber Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale-up of Electrospinning: Market Overview of Products and Devices for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Purposes

et al. 2021

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Recently, the electrospinning (ES) process has been extensively studied due to its potential applications in various fields, particularly pharmaceutical and biomedical purposes. The production rate using typical ES technology is usually around 0.01–1 g/h, which is lower than pharmaceutical industry production requirements. Therefore, different companies have worked to develop electrospinning equipment, technological solutions, and electrospun materials into large-scale production. Different approaches have been explored to scale-up the production mainly by increasing the nanofiber jet through multiple needles, free-surface technologies, and hybrid methods that use an additional energy source. Among them, needleless and centrifugal methods have gained the most attention and applications. Besides, the production rate reached (450 g/h in some cases) makes these methods feasible in the pharmaceutical industry. The present study overviews and compares the most recent ES approaches successfully developed for nanofibers’ large-scale production and accompanying challenges with some examples of applied approaches in drug delivery systems. Besides, various types of commercial products and devices released to the markets have been mentioned.

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“…The design of the needles controls the distribution of the electric field. To obtain the uniformity of the jets from all the needles, the electric fields around the needles must be uniform and homogenized 84 . Otherwise, some of the needles may not reach the critical voltage for the jet, causing the needles to clog.…”

Section: Based Electrospinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altering the characterization of nanofibers by changing the electrospinning parameters and their application in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and gene delivery systems

Ghaderpour

Hoseinkhani

Yarani

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Nowadays, nanofibers have various applications in the field of medical biology including drug delivery systems (DDSs) and tissue engineering. Many methods have been developed to produce drug release polymers; the most important and applicable of which is known as electrospinning. In this method, the nanoscale and microscale fibers are used as the functional polymers in the DDSs. A variety of electrospinning methods can be used for delivery systems and tissue engineering. The nanofibers loaded with anticancer drugs have attracted a lot of attention in the last decade. Electrospun parameters include voltage, feed rate, rotary collector, pipette or needle hole diameter, the distance between nozzle tip to collector plate, viscosity and molecular weight of the polymer, surface tension, solubility of polymer, soluble electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and evaporability of the solution; all could be manipulated to regulate the drug release rate in order via changing the diameter of the nanofibers. In addition to directly loading the drug on nanofibers, the nanoparticles are also used to improve the drug efficacy and reduce the required dose, especially in the case of harmful drugs. Depending on the need, various nanoparticles and nanocarriers are being applied along with the drug. Nanocarriers such as viruses, micelles, and liposomes function highly specific since they carry specific ligands on their surface. Magnetic nanoparticles also have a great therapeutic effect on cancer cells when exposed to heat and magnetic fields. Carbon nanoparticles, such as graphene and graphene oxide, due to their layering, can pass through the cell membrane and deliver the drug to the intracellular space.

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Blow-assisted multi-jet electrospinning of poly-L-lactic acid nanofibers

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Recent progress in the fabrication techniques of 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering

Recent progress in the fabrication techniques of 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering

Scale-up of Electrospinning: Market Overview of Products and Devices for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Purposes

Altering the characterization of nanofibers by changing the electrospinning parameters and their application in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and gene delivery systems

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